Conceptual Data Models for Database Design
Database Design Process
The database design process consists of a number of steps listed below. We will focus mainly on step 2, the conceptual database design, and the models used during this step.
Step 1: Requirements Collection and Analysis ▪ Prospective users are interviewed to understand and document data requirements ▪ This step results in a concise set of user requirements, which should be detailed and complete. ▪ The functional requirements should be specified, as well as the data requirements. Functional requirements consist of user operations that will be applied to the database, including retrievals and updates. ▪ Functional requirements can be documented using
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For example, if you wish to store the Company Location, unless you will use the atomic information such as Postal Code, or City separately from the other Location information (Street Address etc) then there is no need to subdivide it into its component attributes, and the whole Location can be designated as a simple attribute.
▪ What are examples of other composite attributes?
Single-Valued vs. Multi-valued Attributes
▪ Most attributes have a single value for each entity, such as a car only has one model, a student has only one ID number, an employee has only one data of birth. These attributes are called single-valued attributes. ▪ Sometimes an attribute can have multiple values for a single entity, for example, a doctor may have more than one specialty (or may have only one specialty), a customer may have more than one mobile phone number, or they may not have one at all. These attributes are called multi-valued attributes. ▪ Multi-valued attributes may have a lower and upper bounds to constrain the number of values allowed. For example, a doctor must have at least one specialty, but no more than 3 specialties.
Stored vs. Derived Attributes
▪ If an attribute can be calculated using the value of another attribute, they are called derived attributes. ▪ The attribute that is used to derive the attribute is called a stored attribute. ▪ Derived attributes are not stored in the file, but can be derived when needed from the stored
We can highlight some insight right away by just looking at table 1. A quick overview of the attributes’ path-worths values :
Same Domain Values: Data within a column adheres to a single domain. For instance a geneder column will have values for gender but no other.
Step 2. Data Analysis: The data will be analyzed to determine database modeling. Step 3. Database normalization: Fields and
Phase 3: Sketch the star schema for the database and developed the database based on the star schema.
2. using the data requirements and the business rules provided, develop a conceptual model (ERD), including attribute data types and required field lengths; and
An AutoNumber field or auto incremented key in a table are used to give unique values which make each record unique.
a. Nominal: This is a measurement that has a number assigned to show something or someone else, an example of this would be one’s social security number.
* As explained throughout this course, entity relationship modeling is a critical element of database design. If the database is not properly modeled, it is unlikely that the database will be properly developed. Using this knowledge, explain the key reasons why entity relationship modeling is important, and determine at least (1) way in which it impacts the overall development of the database.
designed for flexibility, and would typically include many more attributes, even if some of them are blank for many of
| (TCO A) Projects have specific attributes. Which of the following is not an attribute?
“Multiple-type analysis is a method of estimating the value of an asset by comparing it to the values assessed by the market for similar or comparable assets. For using valuation with multiples we need to:
(1) Every time attribute A appears, it is matched with the same value of attribute B, but not the same value of attribute C. Therefore, it is true that:
Rather than being a list of criteria or physical attributes, it is the achievement of a series of
Understanding the business model of enterprise and identifying the entities of that model is the first step in setting up database. Requirements analysis includes tasks of determining the needs or conditions to meet. Requirement specification document will be generated at the end of this step.