Data Collection Method and Analysis Essay

Qualitative research is subjective data and is often used in the social sciences (Sarantakos 2013, p. 48). Qualitative research is devoted to gathering facts, this can be completed through personal experiences, behaviours, and observations (Sarantakos 2013, p. 46). The purpose of qualitative research is to gather an in depth understanding of human behaviour and the explanations for the behaviour (Martijn & Sharpe 2006, p. 1). An issue with only using a qualitative method is efficacy, qualitative studies cannot address relationships between variables with the degree of accuracy that is required to establish social trends (Sarantakos 2013, p. 46).

This is a second important method in qualitative research method which involves one to one deeper interviews according to the researcher views and it is also more open type of research method. This method is most popular to the ANZ

Power point slide Qualitative research is a difficult term to define…. Nevertheless, it is important to be familiar with some definitions in the field. The definition provided by Creswell 2009 is enlightening because it incorporates ……….. most important part of definition for me were reports detailed views of informants and natural setting.

Thus, this method gives a researcher an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences using qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study.

According to Schneider, Elliot, LoBiondo-Wood & Haber (2004), qualitative research methods, search for the meaning and understanding of human experiences in a naturalistic setting. A researcher obtains subjective facts in order to explore the experiences of each participant (Schneider, Elliot, LoBiondo-Wood & Haber 2004). As a result, qualitative research is a means in which a researcher gains an insight into the participant's point of view concerning their personal experiences; in order gain an understanding of the information given. Therefore this allows a researcher to collect subjective information to create a description of the phenomenon (Vishnevsky & Beanlands 2004).

Qualitative data is not numerical and is more likely to take the form of observations or interviews. Obviously, it is very difficult to perform any statistical analysis on this kind of data. A further problem is that another researcher cannot replicate this data and therefore it is difficult to check the validity of what has been written. Researchers using this kind of data must be careful to avoid subjectivity, that is, they must avoid letting their personal beliefs or preferences affect the way they record and interpret the data. The advantage of this form of data collection is that it allows the researcher to answer open-ended questions; consequently, it is more flexible. Qualitative data also provides opportunities to explain the context of an observation and can therefore present a fuller picture (OU, 2001).

A qualitative methodological approach was the obvious choice in that it allows for the collection and interpretation of stories, narratives, interviews and other forms of non-quantifiable data. A qualitative approach also does not demand or strive for detached objectivity of the researcher but instead encourages the disclosure of researcher bias and the engagement of the researcher with the research and subjects, often in the role of participant-observer (Dade, Tartakov, Hargrave, & Leigh,

The method of qualitative research become key method in the human and social science and also in the education and health science. The definition of qualitative research is a research using methods such as participant observation or case studies which result in a narrative, descriptive account of a setting or practice. Sociologists using these methods typically reject positivism and adopt a form of interpretive sociology (Parkinson & Drislane,2011). It involves the research using data that do not indicate ordinal values. Furthermore, qualitative research includes the different kinds of data collection, techniques of analysis and diversity of theoretical frameworks (Guest; Namey & Mitchell, 2013). According to Creswell(2013) ‘’the final written report or presentation includes the voices of participants, the reflexivity of the researcher, a complex description and interpretation of the problem, and its contribution to the literature or a call for change.

After careful data analysis, the need for instructional improvement on strategies to address the needs of English language learners it is apparent. Improving literacy skills is critical in decreasing achievements gaps of this subgroup. As mentioned previously, Pinewood maintains a school grade of a B; nevertheless, a focus on strategies to meet the needs of ELL students will benefit all students. With effort from all stakeholders, a focus on instructional strategies to improve learning of English learners could result in decreasing the achievement gap as well as increasing the school grade to an A, since many of these students count for the lowest 25%. Correspondingly, Marchand-Martella, Klingner, and Martella (2010) justify that

Methodology and methods- This section includes a clear justification for the chosen methodology and research method. The length and depth of the research depends on the objective of the researcher and the information he or she is trying to convey to the readers.

Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables” (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research “is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting” (p. 2). Cresswell’s definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010).

Qualitative data collection method is the method I would use to answer my research question: How does text messaging effect teen literacy? I would choose this method over quantitative because qualitative methods are lead with first-hand observations for a wide range of behaviors. The hypothesis is broad and looks to describe the entire picture. It helps us to understand the world we live in and explains why things are the way they are. This type of research is primary gathering information for the early stages of a question. One of the major reasons for doing qualitative research is to become more experienced with the phenomenon you are interested in.

The behavior was observed from a large sample of people. This included twenty people shopping alone and twenty people shopping in a group, for a total of forty subjects, each ranging in ages from approximately 19 to 40 years old. The subjects were observed from the time they entered the store until the time they left. The reasoning behind this was to see the buying behavior differences for the whole experience and figure out which areas of the store could be improved in order to appeal to groups of people shopping. The behaviors observed included the amount of time spent inside the store, the amount of money spent, the interactions with associates, and the areas of the stores that were navigated.

This study will collect and collate new data to assess the evaluation question by having patients fill out the patient preference Likert questionnaire before and after the exam. Data will be collected for initial random population selection from the provider’s EHR via a SQL query with the following criteria: M/F, age ≥ 50, type of screening = CRC (Baker et al., 2015). Then, the pre-Likert Questionnaire about the patient preference for the procedure (Optical colonoscopy vs CT colonography) is distributed to patient portals. Preferences are automatically stored in separate lists based on SQL parameters in the portals. Pre-Likert Questionnaire will be retrieved from the patient portal and stored in the facilities’ EHR. Each facility will export the results to an EXCEL file to the researchers. Patients will then undergo different procedures and results will be assessed. After the procedure, patients will complete the same Likert scale questionnaire on a portable EHR at the facility or via the patient portal within three days of the procedure. Again, facilities will export this post-Likert questionnaire to the researchers. Hence, the researchers will compare pre-and post- patient preferences for CTC or OC. If more patients choose to undergo the CTC procedure, then it is a good indication of more CRC screening. It is extremely beneficial. As a result, an increase in patient screening should result in Medicare covering the costs.

Qualitative research methods are utilized to study the social and cultural phenomena. So it includes observation, participant observation (field work), interview sessions, documents and texts and finally the researcher’s imitations and feedback. [Myers, 2009]