Dating From 17th Century, The Freedom Of The Seas ' Concept

It is now the time to act by increasing communication with all stakeholders while promoting the value of universal guidelines and the implementation of regulations between companies and countries that ship sail under. There are different stakeholders indirectly or directly connected that need to be invited in that process and a continues development plan developed and followed to curb the negative trend and eventually start to regain fishing waters depleted and lost for the industry.

The issues on South China Sea disputes are inherently complex and are compounded by conflicting interpretations from the claimant states. In attempting to dissect this conundrum, Dutton (2011) propounds a framework to explain the three facets to the disputes – territorial sovereignty, jurisdiction over sea zones, and control over military activities. The argument on territorial sovereignty premises on the notion of complete state authority over part of, or all of the islands in the South China Sea, in particular the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Common to both, China is the only state that has made sovereignty claims over both clusters of islands. It is noted that since 1949, the Zhou Enlai government has published maps with nine dashes forming a U-shape line in the South China Sea demarcating its maritime boundaries (Nguyen, 2012). In late 2012, China even published maps with the U-shape line in its new passports (Anderlini & Bland, 2012). Separately, Dillon (2011) posits that Beijing’s territorial assertion in the South China Sea stems from the historical tributary system with its vassal kingdoms that span from Japan and Korea in the

The League of Nations was an organization created following the year after the concession of World War I in 1918. The purpose of this union was to maintain world stability and peace. The League of Nations was proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points and was considered relatively controversial. Congress had to vote upon whether the United States would join or not. Two of the Senators gave speeches, Senator Gilbert Hitchcock and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, advocating their parties’ views.

According to Henry Kissinger in Diplomacy, “Universal law and not equilibrium, national trustworthiness and not national self awareness were, in Wilson’s view, the foundations of international order.” Wilson presented Fourteen points to Congress in 1918. This paper will focus on freedom of the seas and the removal of trade barriers in how they have marched along in the last seventy years.

Australia and Japan’s relationship has strengthened greatly over the last few decades. Japan has emerged from an enemy at the end of world war two to one of Australia’s most important allies today. The relationship between the two focuses on a number of areas, in particular trade, as Japan’s economy is very prosperous to Australia. Maintaining such a relationship has not always been straightforward, often presenting difficulties where the countries stray in values and opinions. Diplomats from both countries have worked hard to keep this positive relationship working. Diplomacy has allowed for Japan and Australia to receive benefits from one another while preventing major problems from arising. If troubles have developed, they have been dealt with swiftly in fear they could cause damage to the Australia-Japan relationship. Some areas the diplomatic relationship covers are the economical, cultural, security and environmental relations. Australian diplomacy has contributed to strengthening the international relationship with Japan.

The origins of modern piracy can be traced back to the 17th century when European states began to commercially compete for trade routes via the high seas to exploit new markets for trade and resources. At the time oceans, lacked any regulation, law, and order. Countries such as England, France, and Spain hired pirate groups to attack enemy ships and steal materials that were found on board. This time period is often referred to as the Golden Age of Piracy, however, piracy continues to occur even today. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of attacks on vessels by pirates, particularly in the Gulf of Aden, Somali Basin and the Indian Ocean.

Imperialism and industrialism highly impacted 19th century Europe along side the writings of Alfred Thayer Mahan. These two “isms” were what seemed to define which nations were considered powerful. Mahan was a long time naval officer who lectured on naval history and strategies. One of the most significant writings of this time period was Mahan’s book, “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.” This prestigious work touched on topics forcing not only Europe’s governing class, but many of the other great world powers’ militaries to realize the importance of a robust Naval service.

This essay will focus on the bluefin tuna industry in Japan, a country which consumes the majority of the global catch. The industry is one driven by the sudden increase in demand for sushi, a Japanese haute food which is now consumed globally. It will also illustrate the uniqueness and important role which the bluefin tuna plays in aquatic ecosystems throughout the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Lastly, the issues of globalization and lack of market regulation will be examined as a cause for the collapse in Atlantic bluefin fisheries. The tuna industry in Japan is having negative environmental impacts on the oceanic ecosystem.

In the Golden Age of Piracy between the 16th and 17th century, the majority of pirates sailed under letters of marque which gave legal authorization to raid ships from other nations. English seamen were allowed to seize Spanish ships and sell their prizes at port. If England and Spain were at peace however, privateers would be forced to get letters of marque from other countries. Letters of marque gave pirates a way to bypass outright piracy and instead raid under a host nation.

International security, and all that stands behind this two words, seemed to be achievable after the World War I. Being victorious, the world’s most powerful leaders, led by the President Wilson, created the League of Nations, an international organization which was there to prevent escalation of the hostilities among sovereign states of the World.

This article summarizes the Chinese navy ocean expeditions and experiences including their great advantages against the other countries such South Asia, Africa, India, and Europe. First and foremost it began with the Ming Dynasty emperor who leads this belief of china’s culture should be expanded also because its strong dominant power should be recognized in all areas of military, technology, and economically. The Chinese consider themselves to be admired, respected and honor for their accomplishments in other words they believe besides the north the other countries are no competition threat to them as a result in their sauces they created the tributary system which is the other countries can rely on china but only if they contributed to the

In so doing, this chapter is organised as follows. Section 8.1 discusses the changes from whaling to the whale watching protection in Taiwan by using the punctuated equilibrium framework. This section is subdivided into the whaling history, which base on the political system I explored in Chapter 5 and the whaling history in Chapter 6 (section 6.1). Through Section 8.1.1 to 8.1.4 I divide the whaling history base on a timeline, identifying the periods of equilibrium and the reasons that led to such periods, as well as the events that cause punctuation. Section 8.1.5 explores the turning point that made Taiwan move from whaling to whale watching protection. In addition, I point out that political learning has a significant effect on the decision

As of today, China has expanded and built over seven artificial islands in the South China Sea since 2014. The South China Sea has recently come to be a major problem in Asia as issues have risen over who has rights of passage and claims in this area. The Chinese of recent have been making territorial claims in the South China Sea that are in areas of free passage for many other Asian countries and the United States. In October 2015, a U.S. guided missile destroyer encountered one of the artificial islands and China’s response was that it would “take any measure” to maintain its security in “their territory”. The Chinese have been questioned in the Permanent Court of Arbitration by the Philippines after claiming rights to historical locations in the South China Sea, which violates sovereign rights of the Philippines, yet China responded to this outcome with refusal and has continued to advance itself in the territory causing huge disputes with its neighboring countries as freedom of navigation has been compromised through China’s actions.. In order to guarantee resolution and maintain the freedom of navigation aspect of international law there needs to be a foreign policy put in place that puts more United States military in the South China Sea with support from disputing countries like Japan and the Philippines as a way to make the issue multilateral and law abiding.

United Nation Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS) is one of the efforts of United Nation to create a regime that may unify all nations regarding the sea matters. The creation of UNCLOS started in 1956 when the General Assembly adopted the resolution 1105 (XI). During that time only 82 states that join the UNCLOS. UNCLOS I had produce the other four separated conventions concluded in 1958. They are:

In the Western Pacific, the South China Sea is a global crossroads that holds strategic importance for many nations world wide. The South China Sea stretches from the Taiwan and Luzon Straits in the north to Indonesia and the Strait of Malacca in the south with Vietnam on the west and the Philippines and Borneo on the east. In total size, the South China Sea surpasses the Mediterranean Sea. However, unlike this Near-Eastern comparator, territorial disputes and conflicting claims threaten the movement of global trade through the South China Sea, thus unbalancing regional stability in the Asia-Pacific. Claimants include the bordering coastal countries of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (a.k.a. Taiwan), the