David Bowie Financial Cycle

The bonds can be issues with fixed interest or variable rate interest, each of which has its advantages and there disadvantages.

Bonds require a minimum amount of money to purchase and a minimum length of time to hold on to the bond.

A bail bondsman is a person who pledges money on behalf of an individual facing legal charges as a guarantee they’ll appear in a court of law. By signing a contract with a bonding company, an individual is able to get out of jail until their appearance before a judge. Even if a person can pay their own bail, it can be advantageous to use a bail bond agent because they will reduce the cost to a fraction of the original posting.

Bonds are a debt investment where investors lend money to a company or entity (i.e. government). Some features of a bond are they have a face value, have a maturity date, used to raise funds, some are tax exempt, risk of default if company goes under, and bought for less than maturity value. One example happened in America during World War II when the government started selling war bonds to help fund the war and to help take money out of circulation to help control spending. At the time you could buy a $25 bond for $18.75 that would mature in 10 years. They give a yield of only 2.9%. There are three main categories of bonds 1) corporate, issued by companies 2) municipal bonds,

| |One reason corporations sell corporate bonds is to help finance their ongoing business activities. |

fter an 18-month battle with cancer, the music legend and pop culture icon, David Bowie has died at 69. People around the world mourn his passing and share their memories of his legacy.The singer-songwriter and producer had just released his 25th album, Blackstar, on Jan. 8, 2016, which was also his birthday.

Artist these days don’t earn as much money as they used to and the main reason is music files getting shared when they

* Bond - A type of debt or a long-term promissory note, issued by the borrower, promising to pay its holder a predetermined and fixed amount of interest each year. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance long-term investments

In 1999, three young men who were passionate about computer programming created a website that would bring an entire industry to its knees. As the three boys, Shawn Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Fanning, worked hard on their project, they could’ve never imagined that their invention, a peer to peer music file sharing service called, Napster, would effectively revolutionize the way an entire generation created, delivered, and received its entertainment. Since then, the internet, file sharing, and the music industry has changed drastically. Since Napster’s invention in 1999 we’ve had millions of different similar services come about such as iTunes, Rhapsody. Roxio, YouTube, Spotify and NoiseTrade. Napster’s creation and then subsequent demise in 2002, sparked a controversy that still exists today, the effects of music downloading on music industry revenue.

Due to the increasing popularity of online file sharing, record labels lose money whether they protect their music or not. The book 2000s Music, written by author David Larkins and musician Greg Wilson, states., after Napster was sued, illegal file sharing grew even more popular as opposed to less (Larkins 1). The popularity of free digital music harms musicians for obvious reasons, a loss of revenue. Since the internet cannot control illegal downloads, the pay musicians receive is negatively affected. J.J. Arias, a Georgian University Professor of Economics stated in his academic journal, the enforcement of copyright laws in the digital realm proves to be a costly venture (Arias 124). Illegal file sharing networks are mostly ignored since it often costs more to find and remove file sharing than it is to ignore it. Because of this,

A debt asset in which an investor lends funds to an entity, firm or government that have a loan of funds for a defined period at a fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by firms municipalities, states, and United States and foreign government to finance a diversity of projects and activities, bonds are commonly referred to as fixed income.

The music industry has undergone radical changes since the end of the 1990’s, largely a function of the internet and its effects on sales and copyright. Besides placing artists and their music on the world stage, the internet also permitted the downloading of music from free-file- exchange networks. A parallel and equally worrisome, phenomenon is record pirating, a practice made easier by the proliferation of CD burners and access to high speed internet. Unauthorized downloading and pirating circumvent intellectual property laws and result in reduced sales. “In Atlantic Canada, average annual household expenditures on CDs and audio cassettes dropped by 27 percent between 1996 and 2001, from $96.00 to $70.00.”

In recent decades, the music industry as a whole has undergone transformative change. From the introduction of the compact disc, to the rise of iTunes and digital downloads, to the current emergence of streaming services, the way that artists produce music and deliver it to consumers has been radically altered in the past 20 years. As record labels’ stranglehold on the talent search and product distribution side of the music industry subsides, streaming services such as Spotify and Soundcloud have become the preeminent distributors of new music. Their emergence has had a negative financial impact on the artists that drive an industry that has for years been one of America’s largest. Services like Spotify and Soundcloud are erasing the role of record labels in the distribution process, assuming that role themselves while paying small royalty fees to artists and labels for the right to stream to large subscriber bases that typically make use of free memberships. Due to the small number of paid subscribers accessing these services, industry revenue has dropped below $7 billion per year for the first time since record keeping began in 1973 (Seidenberg/Podgers). However, record labels are beginning to reach agreements with these services, ensuring that the labels themselves will continue to profit, and leaving the musician to suffer. And while these services do offer outlets and avenues for new artists to be discovered, the

This primary source taught me about the purposes of bonds. I thought people had bought them purely out of the desire to get money out of them in the future. The video, however, shows that people could buy bonds to support government action as

“Before the days of YouTube and the Internet, a band 's chances of striking it big depended on record companies. If a band was lucky enough to get a record deal, it gained access to a label 's vast resources and connections. The company paid for the band 's studio time, … and got its music played on the radio, reaching millions of record buying Americans” (Majerol, 1). Now, anyone with talent can post a video of themselves and become an internet sensation, only to then receive a deal with a label to continue growing their career. The issue is, with the Internet came digital downloading, and with the growing popularity of digital downloading came illegal downloading, known as Digital Piracy, which has affected the music industry greatly. This issue affects everyone involved in the Music Industry. From the small CD store owner to the Artist on stage, everyone has and continues to be affected by the growing popularity of digital downloading services. Artists, producers, and songwriters lose an estimated 12.5 Billion USD every year to illegal digital music services. Further, the economic impact from [digital downloading] is an estimated loss of 2+ Billion USD (Storrs, 1). This money affects the “little guys” in the industry and the average worker within the industry.