Dead Sea Scrolls Research Papers

In the Beginning: At the beginning of the universe. God created heaven and earth in six days and rested on the seventh. During those six days God spoke to the darkness and created the world, brought forth light, created the sky, land and animals and plants to inhabit them. However, even during this creation he was contemplating the creation of a being made in his own image.

Religion was not a monolithic institution, it consisted of a large variety of different beliefs and practices, all of which were linked by the common focus on the interaction between the Egyptian people and the divine realm, as the gods of this realm linked the Egyptian understanding of the world. As the Ancient Egyptian Religion was an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. Polytheism the belief of multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses along with their own mythologies and rituals was an essential aspect of ancient Egyptian religion. As the Ancient Egyptian religion included a large and diverse pantheon of gods and goddesses, and around these deities arose a rich mythology that helped explain the

Mesopotamia and Egypt are known as the “place of the first civilization” followed by the Hebrews. These three societies traded extensively, but there was a difference in economic area. Mesopotamia was more productive of technological improvements, because their environment was more difficult to manage than the Nile valley. Trade contacts were more extensive, and the Mesopotamians gave attention to a merchant class and commercial law. Priests were part of the trades because they possessed surplus produce collected as rents from the farmers using temple land. Before merchants gained power as independent entrepreneurs; they used to serve the king and the temple priest.

State the significance of the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and how this important archeological find validates the canonization process. Briefly mentioned particular books of the Bible included in this important, modern-day discovery.

For the Mesopotamians view of the afterlife was not always a good thing. Mesopotamians did not live a long life they would die at a young age due to the sickness that thee had back then. Mesopotamia is a place that the Mesopotamians believed to be between two rivers. Mesopotamia first got started through a poems and myths that the ancestors told. They also believed that everything has a personality. The Mesopotamians believed that the afterlife death was a descent of the underworld believed to be ruled by the god Nergal. They lived bad lives and their idea about the afterlife resemble the hardness that they will have to face during their present life. They will ¨wasted no times¨ preparing for the afterlife. This is what usually happens to

Israel was the land stuck between the Jordan River and the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. The people who lived there are referred to as Israelites, and these people are mainly mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

Despite the disproval of his detractors, Albright’s success has been acknowledged throughout the archaeological world and his work lives on with “The W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research (AIAR) in Jerusalem is the oldest American research center for ancient Near Eastern studies in the Middle East. It was renamed in 1970 after its most distinguished director, William Foxwell Albright.” This research paper will discuss the person, contributions, criticisms and legacy of William Foxwell Albright, an acknowledged founder of biblical archaeology.

This spirit told him the book was "a collection of ancient records that had been scribed by him from prehistoric stone tablets from the sunken continent of Yidath, engraved by the first men; and that they were the historical answer to the Gobi ruins he had discovered several years before". The Book of Gates, the spirit told him described the first races whom the First Gods had favored when the first continent of Yidath rose to be the beginning four billions years before Jebidiah's world. According to Jebidiah, Izal was a prophet of the Eemian era world of Cor that the First Gods had led to proclaim their power, and he had transferred the ancient writing onto the Book of Gates for the inevitable coming. Jebidiah stated this Corean world existed some 130,000 years before recorded history, and had been the first recorded human civilization that had, via divine intervention, had been destroyed due to the rejection of those "First Gods". Izal instructed Jebidiah that the book could only be read with a palm sized blue transparent relic called the Seer Stone of Dloth, and only when certain stars formed special circles; for was it intended for true seekers of forbidden knowledge. Jebidiah was allowed to gain the Book for a period of eight years, at which time he was to write about the book in modern language,

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls has been described by numerous scholars and biblical commentators as one of the most important finds in archeological history. (Top 10 Most Important Historical Finds) The find occurred in 1947 when a Bedouin shepherd came across sealed jars in a cave containing leather scrolls. The scrolls which were subsequently brought to an antiques dealer in Bethlehem were purchased by a Syrian Orthodox Archbishop named Mar (Athanasius) Samuel. ( HYPERLINK "http://bible.org/byauthor/2658/Patrick%20Zukeran" Zukeran) He recognized that the scrolls were in Hebrew and were possibly very ancient. These scrolls were then examined by a prominent Middle East archaeologist, Dr. William Albright, and were confirmed as originating between the first and second century B.C. ( HYPERLINK "http://bible.org/byauthor/2658/Patrick%20Zukeran" Zukeran)

This was arguably Professor Albright’s greatest achievement in verifying the authenticity of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Professor Albright, “There is no doubt in my mind that the script is more archaic than that of the Nash papyrus (a very small portion of the Old Testament dated between the second century b.c. and first century a.d.)… I would prefer a date around 100 b.c.…” Inside the archaeological community and the general public, Albright received critical acclaim.

This video focuses more on the origins of the Israelites and their beliefs in God. The film mentions how the Israelites came to be in the Levant, stating it was around 1200 BCE, during the mass movement of people. The film explores the archaeological evidence, like pottery, from the period. Some archaeologists

The Egyptian Book of the Dead was used primarily from the establishment of the New Kingdom in 1550 BCE to 50 BCE. It consisted of the collection of texts and spells designed to assist the deceased in their journey to the next world. The book of the dead was part of a custom of memorial texts that consisted of the past Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts that were decorated on objects. Spells were drained from the past works and other Egyptian history courting to Third Intermediate Period (Budge, 2012:21).

The Old Testament consisted of a set of documentations of religious scriptures, which were written by different people at various times for a different audience. Most of the Old Testament contains short stories of traditional stories and those stories of distinguished ways God established mankind. These stories are often told to the people in narrative form, which are guidelines often referred to as laws, songs, genealogies, and a list from these authors that composed the Old Testaments. The pressing of set documentation is essential because it is the framework for the lives of God 's followers. The term “Old Testament” originated as a means to express spoken traditions and God 's creation of that particular era. It is an method of philosophical investigation was designed to answer the why questions within these spiritual text documentations. These religious documentations consisted of four parts. These four sections retrieved from the Old Testaments are the laws, history, wisdom and prophecy. The laws are a rule of behavior enforced within the community. The rules are sometimes called “Torah.” When analyzing this Torah, these rules viewed within the first five spiritual books of the Bible. For example, in the first Torah in Genesis, it explains the creation, Noah’s Flood, Abraham and Isaac, and Joseph’s coats of many colors. However, the laws in Exodus were in regards to the going out. The going out took about 40 plus years, until the people led to

The term “ancient Near East” was coined out by the British Empire in the 19th-century, geographically covering the modern Middle East that was divided into eight major regions and states: Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient Iran, Anatolia/asia Minor and Armenian Highlands, the Levant, Cyprus, and the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient Near East begins in the 4th millennium BC and ends either with the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with the Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. This period of history is considered to be the cornerstone of civilization. With agriculture practices advancing, allowing the possibilities of urban development, creating social class, centralized government and empires. The phrase “Near East” represented Ottoman

Whether women were at Qumran or not is a question many scholars disagree about. A well-known trend indicates that there were no women at Qumran, but that the Qumran settlement consisted of celibate males and the presence of women in the cemetery found by the site of Qumran has been argued against being from Qumran at second temple period. The most accepted hypothesis concerning the identity of the people at Qumran connects “three factors: the site itself at Qumran on the shore of the Dead Sea, the dead sea scrolls discovered in the nearby caves, and the Essene population who were believed to have occupied Qumran.” From the descriptions of three well-known historians; Pliny, Josephus and Philo, all three describe the Essenes as a group of ascetics. Pliny even notes that their dwelling place is on the western shore of the Dead Sea “and they live there in splendid isolation with neither property nor women.” Pliny’s description constituted one of the most important elements in the identification of the Qumran site as the Essenes’ dwelling, and both the material and archaeological artifacts were interpreted according to this theory. There are various endeavors made by researchers to accommodate the records of Josephus, Pliny, and Philo in which the Essenes were abstinent. Using Josephus ' record of wedded Essenes, the “accompanying is submitted: Concerning sequence: 1) De Vaux propels three strata of home of the settlement at Qumran by Essenes: Period IA-second 50% of second