According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, about two to three children out of every 1,000 are born with a detectable level of hearing impairment in the United States. Without hearing, children miss out on the acoustic correlates of the physical world, such as car horns and footsteps. Children are also limited in their exposure to patterned complexities in music and spoken word. These hard of hearing and deaf students grow and develop in unique ways compared to their hearing peers because of the stimulus they do not have. Researchers have focused on how communication methods for hard of hearing and deaf children affect their development in the physical, social-emotional, cognitive and communicative …show more content…
Development focuses on information processing, conceptual resources, language learning, and other brain development and psychology. A significant amount of research has focused on cognitive development and the deaf community because it is considered the domain for language development. In 1987, Abraham Zwiebel conducted research with three groups of deaf children—a) children from all deaf families that used manual communication, b) deaf children of hearing parents that used partial manual communication, and c) deaf children of hearing parents that used aural/oral communication-- and a group of hearing children. He studied cognitive development using three measures—teacher evaluations, the Draw-a-Person test, and the Snijders-Oomen Non-Verbal Test. The research concluded that manual environment factors are responsible for the higher cognitive development of deaf children of deaf parents (Zwiebel, 1987). Zwiebel’s research holds merit today because of his use of grouping and differentiating within the deaf community along communication …show more content…
The earliest peer reviewed research on communication variables was from the 1980s. As we move forward into further developing the research a question to consider is how communication methods affects the physical development of the brain. This would be a difficult subject matter for a child psychologist to tackle alone. It would take collaboration to be able to study and map neural connections in the brain related to aural/oral methods and manual methods. However, it is vital to see how nonverbal communications impact brain development and communitive development in deaf children and
The book, Deaf Again, written by Mark Drolsbaugh, is an autobiography telling his life story which starts with a young boy growing up who goes through the process of losing his hearing and then, as he gets older, he struggles with trying to fit in as a normal child. When Mark was very young, he could hear fairly well then gradually he went hard of hearing until he eventually went completely deaf. Even though he had two deaf parents, the doctors advised speech therapy and hearing aids because they did not understand Deaf Culture and they thought that Mark would be a lot happier if he could hang on to his hearing persona. Throughout the rest of the book, Mark goes through a lot of stages of trying to fit in with everyone and eventually
In Mark Drolsbaugh’s educational and witty autobiography “Deaf Again”, he describes his journey as a child born to deaf parents, losing his own hearing in his childhood, and navigating both hearing and deaf worlds while trying to discover his identity.
Have you ever felt like there was nothing that you can do for your child? In this book, Deaf Like Me, by Thomas S. Spradley and James P. Spradley, I can see the journey that Lynn’s parents took to get her help. (Spradley & Spradley, 1978). This book was an excellent read. I really liked the way that they described the ways they tried to help Lynn to understand the world around her. The book, is a great asset for any family that might be unexpectedly put into a situation that they know nothing about such as a deaf child.
Mark Drolsbaugh’s Deaf Again book gives a detailed account of his experience with becoming deaf in both a hearing and deaf world. It includes the awkwardness and un-comfortability he felt in hearing environments, within is personal family dynamic and in deaf safe havens where he learned to adjust, and grow for the betterment of him learning ASL and in general, becoming emerged within Deaf culture. Drolsbaugh starts the book off by introducing how life for deaf people, even when giving birth, can be a struggle (due to society not being well informed on how to effectively communicate and treat Deaf individuals). Drolsbaugh’s mother, Sherry, wasn’t properly given epidural while giving birth to him, and as she made noises to best express that something was wrong, the nurse brushed it off. Once Mark was born, and Sherry got up the needle wasn’t in her back but on the bed. Looking at how communication issues can lead to negative results, throughout the rest of the book Drolsbaugh sheds light on this phenomenon, specifically focusing on the educational environment and the interactions between and among hearing and deaf communities.
In this book, Deaf in America, by Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, the two authors wrote stories, jokes, performances, and experiences of Deaf people. They also wrote Deaf culture and Deaf people’s lives from various angles. This book is great navigator of Deaf world for hearing people and even Deaf people as me. There are several factors attracting reader. To begin with, I could learn about backgrounds of deaf people and hearing people. Authors wrote about a Deaf boy who was born into a deaf family. Until he discovered that a girl playmate in neighborhood was “hearing”, he didn’t notice about “Others”. Authors
In chapter 4, it explains how Deaf people live in a hearing world. Some people who have grown up with Deaf people really don't see Deaf people as any different than themselves. Verditz had an idea that sign language comes from spoken languages, English and ASL are similar and different from each other having English as my first language has helped me learn ASL but the sentence structures are very different from English. Sign language is a visual language.
This book was mainly focused on looking at Deaf culture of today and comparing it to the culture of the past, and what kinds of struggles deaf people had to endure to get where they are today. The two authors of this book are deaf; one was deaf her whole life and the other became deaf as a child. In my opinion, that was a major contributing factor to why it was so interesting. The reader gets a chance to travel through the history of the Deaf through words from those who have experienced it. It also had a positive impact because the authors let the readers know in the introduction that they are deaf and a brief history of themselves, which I
American Annals of the Deaf is an educational journal that is committed to providing educational experiences of high quality as well as related services for the deaf. This journal has been around for over 150 years, and over time they have been dedicated to making sure that children and adults who are deaf or hard of hearing are receiving quality assistance for their disability (NEED CITATION). In July 1996, they published a scholarly article in response to a survey Catherine Gillespie and Sandra Twardosz conducted about the literacy environment and different practices that children are receiving in a residential school for the deaf.
After reading Deaf Again I learned a lot of new things about Deaf culture and was drawn in by the story of Mark Drolsbaugh. "The hardest fight a man has to fight is to live in a world where every single day someone is trying to make you someone you do not want to be" e.e cummings. I was brought into the book immediately from this quote and realized how difficult it must have been for Mark to find his identity. He was trying to hang on to his hearing in fear of going deaf as if there was something wrong or not proper with being deaf. It took him a long time, twenty-three years to realize that the Deaf culture is receiving and it was there for him to embrace the entire time. It would be difficult to be able to hear and then slowly
Many of the cues used by the children or to categorize their reactions were auditory ones. If a parent called the child’s name, the child would often stop and look back to the mother. If the child heard a loud sound, they would look back to the mother for reassurance. Again, we see studies that indicate that the hearing capabilities of the child are valuable at least in examining the child’s responses, if not in creating the stimuli that the child is responding to in the first place.
I spend a lot of time with the mentally and physically ill. Recently I learned about the struggles of deaf orphans. I personally have a soft spot for children naturally but orphans have a special place in my heart. I learned that more than 42 percent of orphans are sexually abused every year and that hurts me. I could never understand how someone could hurt an innocent child, but to make matters worse the deaf children go unheard and unseen. In America I've noticed we don't go out of our way to try to learn more about the people unlike us. I learned that less than 16 percent in 2006-2009 of Americans knew sign language. So I decided to learn. I have been teaching myself American sign language because I one day want to own an orphanage for deaf
People who are hearing take for granted the ease social cues are picked up, and how that associates with self-identity. A hearing person can listen to a conversation, while writing notes, or reading a book, or can pick up on how someone is feeling based on tone. There is less concentration involved in getting the message from the sender to the receiver for a hearing person. For a person who is deaf conversation means complete focus on the sender to get the message that is being receive. Depending on parents of deaf children, they may or may not get language exposure until three or five years old. In an article called Should All Deaf Children Learn Sign Language, doctors discuss the importance of giving children language at the earliest age, even if parents choose Cochlear implants later on. Tom Humphries, PhD, said “The most important advice anyone can give parents of deaf children is to immediately join an active signing community of both parents and children. This first step is vital in achieving the type of language, cognitive, and social development that deaf children will need for school” (Mellon, 2015). Dr. Humphries’ comment can be taken when looking at children on the autism spectrum and the need for family support in learning ASL. By teaching children with autism ASL at a young age, along with parent support can affect the way children learn
Plus, 83% of students did not have the required reading and language skills to enter a baccalaureate program in their first year when admitted to the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (Gallaudet, n.d.). ASL is needed in order for a deaf child to have academic language development. By amassing sign language beforehand, the child can develop a theory of mind and achieve eye tracking for reading, which helps them to be prepared for schooling. Academic language development is what the school system expects of children to understand. Children have to access and exhibit knowledge in a language. By being able to communicate in ASL with a teacher and with educational peers, it grants the deaf child socially and intellectually engaged interactions. This social development is pivotal to a students’ capacity to learn (Mellon et al., 2015). Not being exposed to ASL early proves to have a trickle-down effect on the deaf child’s future, especially in higher education or college. If the school system requires a child to have knowledge of a language, not teaching a deaf child ASL obstructs their learning. If hearing parents allowed full access to ASL for their deaf child, that child could demonstrate their knowledge of language and in turn, could communicate with a teacher to have better success in their education. Since all of this is true, hearing parents have to teach their deaf child
There are 7.4 billion people in our world and 90 percent of people in the world can hear including me, but there are ten percent of people who cannot. These people are labeled as deaf.
This article is a meta-analysis of the impact baby sign language can have on language development of typically developing hearing infants and their parents. Articles reviewed were required to include typically developing hearing children under the age of 36 months with hearing parents. One study by Holmes & Holmes’ (1980) concluded that the participants in the study had accelerated language acquisition compared to the norms; however, there were no statistical analyses completed to show significance of the results. The second study analyzed by Goodwyn, Acredolo and Brown (2000) studied three groups of children: sign training (ST), verbal training (VT), and non-intervention control (NC). ST group did have a higher receptive language measure across