Dealing With Unwanted Behavior Behaviors

Negative reinforcement is removing an unpleasant consequence when a behavior is exhibited in order to encourage said behavior. This was shown when

Differential reinforcements refers to the balance of anticipated or actual rewards and punishment that follow or are consequences of behavior. Whether individuals will refrain from or commit a crime "depends on the balance of past, present, and anticipated future rewards and punishments for their actions" (Akers and Jensen, 2006 p. 39-40). The probability that an act will be committed or repeated is increased by rewards that are higher in value and/or greater in number- positive reinforcement. Reinforces can be nonsocial as well, for example, the direct physical effects of drugs and alcohol (Akers et al. 1979). However, whether or not these effects are experienced positively or negatively is based upon previous learned expectations.

2. Negative reinforcements – this also makes children repeat behaviour but in different ways e.g.: If a child does well in an exam therefore they don’t have to do their chores.

Describe and evaluate two approaches to the treatment of self-defeating behaviour. The approaches should be selected from those introduced in module 5

Reinforcement that occurs directly because of the students actions. No one else is needed to get the reinforcement.

This paper will provide the behavioral definition of punishment and give examples of both positive and negative punishment in different types of settings. The guidelines for the effective use of punishment, as well as legal and ethical issues that should be considered by the Behavior Analyst while designing a behavior intervention plan are identified.

Its application to the treatment of mental problems is known as behaviour modification. Learning is seen as behaviour change moulded by experience; it is accomplished largely through either classical or operant conditioning.

This theory also heavily discusses the importance of positive and negative punishment and positive and negative reinforcement. Positive is when something is added and negative is when something is taken away. Positive punishment is when something is added in order to decrease an undesired behavior and negative punishment is when something is removed in order to decrease and undesired behavior. Positive reinforcement is

The act of differential reinforcement means that the punishment of certain acts or behaviors are reinforced but not punished. When these certain acts of violence are rewarded with money, pleasure and approval this is considered differential reinforcement. If someone is rewarded for their crimes people are more likely to commit another crime to be rewarded again. Another way is that it shows that criminal behavior is favorable people should act a certain way. Examples would include if someone was provoked to fight.

e. Positive reinforcement presents an encouraging element to an individual after a wanted behavior is demonstrated. It helps to make the wanted behavior more likely to occur again in the future. An example of this is when a mother gives her child a treat after cleaning up his room. The child is more likely clean his room in the future because he received positive enforcement for performing the desired behavior.

Positive punishment is involves presenting an aversive stimulus after a behavior as occured. Where aversive is causing avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior by using an unpleasant or punishing stimulus, as in techniques of behavior modification. For example, during learning process in the class, Ishaan did not pay attention of what his teacher told in front of the class. Besides, he was unconsciously focused on a bird feeding it’s children outside the window. Then, Ishaan was asked by the teacher to go in front of class and get the punishment as a reminder for him for not repeat the same mistake again. This situation show that when response leads to the arrival of something aversive, and this response tends to be

The principle of operant conditioning and reinforcement is to repeat a response to a given stimulus. For the behavior modification to be successful, it is important to select a reinforcement that will strengthen the desired behavior (Rasnake, 1993).

The degree to which differential reinforcement occurs is related to the degree, incidence and like hood of its occurrence. That is, reinforcement is most likely to

Operant conditioning relies on consequences to behaviors, and one of the consequences is reinforcement. Reinforcement has two options: positive and negative. Positive reinforcement consists of the presentation of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of the

One of the simplest and most commonly-used methods of conceptualizing learning is that of reinforcement theory (Noe 2010: 142). Every time a parent promises a child a toy for being good during a grocery store trip or threatens a teen with being grounded for bad grades, he or she is using reinforcement theory. Reinforcement theory is based upon the assumption that people want to experience as much pleasure as possible and avoid pain. Thus, businesses offer workers bonuses for good work, and issue reprimands (such as docking pay or denying a promotion) for poor behavior.