Death Of An Infant After Twenty Weeks Of Gestation ( Hayley Willacy )

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), preterm birth are the birth that happened before 37 ended weeks of pregnancy and is one of the number reason of newborn deaths and the second prominent cause of deaths in children below five. The preterm babies have chances of an amplified risk of illness, disability and death. In the first weeks, the complications of premature birth may include: breathing problems, heart problems, brain problems, temperature control problems, gastrointestinal problems, blood problems, metabolism problems, immune system problems. Long-term complications includes cerebral palsy, impaired cognitive skills, vision problem, hearing problems, dental problems, behavioral and psychological problems, chronic health issues.

eclampsia in a pregnant woman can put her and her unborn child at risk. A risk

In 2006, data was collected on 303 babies who were diagnosed with anencephaly and were not terminated. Of those 303 babies, about 40% were born prematurely (before 37 weeks) and 4% beyond 42 weeks. Two-thirds of the mothers were either induced or had a planned cesarean section for those born at term. Polyhydramnios was present in 30% of the cases which accounted for 60% of those born prematurely. When delivered by cesarean section, 4% died during birth, 53% died within twenty-four hours, 30% lived up to five days, and 13% lived longer than six days. For vaginal births, 37% of babies died during birth when a doctor or midwife ruptured the amniotic bag, opposed to 18% if the amniotic bag ruptured naturally.

Do not use breathing monitors or products marketed as ways to reduce SIDS. In the past, home apnea (breathing) monitors were recommended for families with a history of the condition. But research found that they had no effect, and the use of home monitors has largely stopped.

For the past two decades, the limit of gestational viability has been 22-24 weeks (Bhat, Weinberger, & Hanna, 2012). Around 50 years ago, a premature infant born between 22-24 weeks was not considered viable and resuscitation was only considered at 27-28 weeks (Kushchel & Kent, 2011). Medicine and technology advances have improved neonatology drastically and infants are surviving at lower gestational ages. However, many studies show very low survival rates of 22-week neonates and some physician refuse to resuscitate and provide only comfort care. In the NICHD Neonatal Network between 2003 and 2007, infants that were incubated and resuscitated had a 6% survival rate at 22 weeks and a 55% survival rate at 24 weeks (Bhat et al, 2012). Another study followed a hospital for many years were they delivered 85 infants at 22-week

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also called crib death, is the death without apparent organic cause of an infant under the age of one year (Lerner, 2008). It is very hard to define sudden infant death syndrome because there is no known cause to why this happens to infants. Many argue that the child’s environment may have an impact on SIDS. “The vast majority of reported and published SIDS cases come from countries and continents in the Earth's temperate zones (Kiple, 2003).” In some studies doctors believe the prenatal or lack thereof is the cause. Based on several recent and older studies the cause remains conclusive.

Approximately 3,500 US babies pass on all of a sudden and out of the blue every year ("About SUID and SIDS," 2015). We regularly allude to these passing’s as sudden startling newborn child passing’s (SUID). In spite of the fact that the reasons for death in a large portion of these kids can't be clarified, most happen while the newborn child is dozing in a dangerous resting environment. SIDS is characterized as the sudden passing of a newborn child less than 1 year of age that can't be clarified after an intensive examination is led, including a complete dissection, examination of the demise scene, and a survey of the clinical history ("About SUID and SIDS," 2015). SIDS was

Giving birth to a stillborn baby is every pregnant woman's worst nightmare. When it does happen, it's natural to want to understand why. Unfortunately, answers are rarely to be found -- more than 70% of stillbirths are never explained. Doctors theorize that the majority of stillbirths probably have something to do with the placenta not functioning correctly, and they have some other specific theories on what causes this devastating type of pregnancy loss.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a mysterious phenomena that has managed to confound science so far. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of any infant or young child that is unexpected by history and in which a thorough post mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause (Hunt & Brouillette, 1987). It is the leading cause of death in infants in developed countries occurring at a rate of almost 2 per 1000 births. It most often occurs in infants between the ages of one month and eight months with the highest occurrence in the 4-6 month range. Several behaviors have been associated with this syndrome such as prolonged sleep apnea, increased risk of breath inspiration pause, excessive periodic

infant death recorded (2010 Infant Deaths, Vital Records) and 105 births to mothers 15 to 44 years of age (2010 Births, Vital Records). Also mothers not receiving prenatal care in first trimester of pregnancy were 21.2 compared to 35.8 state age-adjusted rate. These high incidences may be directly related to the low socio-economic status of the town with 26.6% of the residents of town living within the poverty range. Nearly 500 residents use SNAP benefits or food stamps, according to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates, which is an indicator of the town’s income and poverty level. The state average is 10.7% with Winchendon averaging 12.2% for use of SNAP according to the ACS. {Domain 1, 2, 4}

beside that, the cigarette smoke can caused increased risk of miscarriage and infant death. the miscarriage and infant death is happen because in the cigarette 4000 chemical substance like the carbon monoxide, butane, nicotine, ammonia and others. the contains of nicotine is poison and used as a pest repellent agent. after that, the carbon monoxide also can causing the infant death because carbon monoxide that will kill by reducing the ability of blood to carry oxygen. so, the infant will get the low oxygen from the umbilical cord. if the infant get low oxygen in one or two weeks, the infant can be uterine in

When it comes to executing crimes against a pregnant woman, many believe that there should be proof beyond a reasonable doubt that a member of the Homo sapiens, existed and was carried in the womb before and at the time of the attack. They also believe that there should be proof that the defendant acted with the criminal malice toward the victim of violence, which pertain to at least one of the federal laws in regards to the different crimes of violence. As well as, verify that the actions carried by the criminal conduct caused the death of the child in utero. Even the possibility or even a strong likelihood that the criminal actions caused the death to the child in utero would meet to the law requirements as proof that it was the cause of the child’s death (The Natural Rights to Life Committee, 2004).

Preeclampsia, a disorder of pregnant women, is a major contributor of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It afflicts 5-7% of pregnancies worldwide, creating an enormous disease burden. Despite intensive research in this area, the etiology of preeclampsia is elusive. However, multiple factors have been associated with the disorder, including insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, and angiogenic factors. The diagnosis of preeclampsia is based on symptoms of hypertension and proteinuria, but the disorder is not always accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and proteinuria. Other diagnostic criteria include laboratory testing, persistent epigastric pain, and cerebral disturbances. The currently used diagnostic criteria are not

According to London et al. (2014), stillbirth is defined as the “death of a fetus or infant from the time of conception through the end of the newborn period 28 days after birth” (p. 481). In 2011, in the country of Taiwan, there were a total of 2,321 stillborn births and it was reported that 60% of the women who experienced this loss suffered from severe postpartum depression within 4 years (Tseng, Chen, & Wang, 2014, p. 219). Although it is known that the mothers of these infants suffer with traumatic stress, follow-ups after stillbirths are rare and there is no community support groups available. There is not much information available on the experience of Taiwanese women who experience a stillbirth nor is there information about the steps taken by these women to recover from their loss. Thus, this study seeks to understand the experiences of these Taiwanese women who have experienced the loss of an infant and how they cope within their society (Tseng et al., 2014, p. 219).

There are other complications that are not life threatening but are still dangerous to the mother’s health. One example is uterine perforation, occurring when the abortionist misses the child with his knife and cuts the mother’s uterus. This may cause hemorrhaging and complications in childbirth later on. The uterus now cannot hold a child and may rip; causing problems in birth that may lead to the death of the child. Prominent damage to the uterus may require a hysterectomy (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). Another complication is cervical lacrations, which are the tearing of the cervix. These are prominent in childbirth also. These lacerations cause major hemorrhaging and may result in cervical incompetence, premature delivery, and complications of labor (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). Cervical incompetence causes miscarriages. Another complication is placenta previa, which is the “abnormal development of the placenta due to uterine damage” (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). This