Deaths In Sub-Saharan Africa

According to UNICEF, maternal mortality in Haiti is 35 women out of every thousand; neonatal healthcare is equally abysmal, with 3.1 percent of newborns dying within the first month after birth. Most of the maternal and neonatal deaths are considered largely preventable, given adequate healthcare resources. Accessibility to these resources is another important issue, with less than 36 percent of pregnant women giving birth in any healthcare facility.

Lastly, poor children live in bad environments which will most definitely affect their health and well-being. It is needless to say that one can find many poor children in a third world country. In third world countries, not only is there a lack of access to food, there are also a lack of clean water, clothes, and shelters. Some children are even forced to sleep on the streets because they are so poor. Moreover, these children are used as labor in poorer countries and are forced to endure long, strenuous hours in dangerous conditions (Hansen). These conditions are certainly not suitable for children and will traumatize them as they grow older. Children living in harsh environments, especially third world countries, experience such atrocious lives that it is nearly impossible not to feel sympathy for them. In general, children who are in poverty suffer from formidable risks that have the potential to ruin their health.

For example, “Hospitals have seen an influx of patients suffering from preventable diseases, the aid group said”. These preventable diseases can include diarrhea, typhoid, hepatitis A, and most commonly malaria. Two out of every five children survive into their adulthood; because of unsanitary conditions, these diseases which are not prominent in well developed countries, have pronounced themselves as some of the most dangerous diseases in the country. This decrease of sanitation can be partially blamed on the ongoing war in the Congo. The rebel groups use children soldiers to fight their opponents. Furthermore, hospitals reported that, “Since government troops and rebels began clashing in the volatile eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, ‘the numbers arriving at the hospital have gone through the roof,’ said Dr. Louis Kamate of the Virunga Referral Hospital in Goma”. Conflicts and poverty have been proven to be the main factors of child death in the Congo. In order for the society to be successful, they must put an end to this terrible aspect of the country.

When looking at infant mortality rates in the lowest class evidence shows that double the amount of babies die in comparison to the highest class this can be linked to poverty the poorer you are the worse your chances are even at birth. These following factors increase the risk of infant death; the age of the mother aged less than 18 years is the highest and the lowest for mothers between 30 and 34. With the high teenage pregnancy epidemic and women from lower social class background the most at risk from losing their baby.

The world as a whole should be mortified by what is happening in Sub-Saharan Africa. In places like Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho poverty, crime and systematic corruption are the tinder for the fire that is the HIV epidemic in Africa.

Herein I briefly overview the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) within the United States. Initially, I discuss specific causes of infant death and then, contributing factors which put babies at risk. Next, the distribution of various IMR is surveyed on a state to state basis. States possessing the ten highest infant mortality rates are discussed, including possible reasons for higher IMR. In addition, those states with the ten lowest IMR are mentioned. In conclusion, I consider preventative measures for minimizing the number of babies that die each year.

Black R E., Cousens S., Johnson, H. L., Lawn, J. E., Rudan, I., Bassani, D. G., Jha, P., Campbell, H., Walker, C.F, and Cibulskis, R (2010) Global, regional and national causes of child mortality; a systematic analysis. Lancet 375 (9730); 1969-1987.

First, the overwhelming evidence of the total breakdown of the traditional family structure, the inhumane treatment at the hands of political and military authorities as well as the personal experiences of these children with violence and death have grossly impacted their mental awareness. However, psycho-social intervention is not provided because of the high level of poverty among these children and thus the necessity to satisfy their basis sustenance needs such as food, water, and shelter, takes precedence and hardly anything is done to address this urgent need. In spite of limited progress in many areas, healthcare remains a concern (USAID-MoHSW, 2015). While there is not a meaningful difference in the quality of care to either group, orphans tend to have less access to quality health care than non-orphans. There is no evidence that previous assessments on the quality of care of orphans and vulnerable children have changed. When these children fall ill, they were either taken to nearby medical facilities, or traditional healers/herbalists or were not treated at all. Non-orphans who were usually taken by their parents were more likely to receive treatment than orphans. The caregiver (of orphans), usually a family member just may not have the funds for treatment. The situation at the orphanages was even worse. For instance, of the over 100 orphanages assessed by the MoHSW, there was not a single medical facility on site. Moreover, no qualified health worker was employed on these facilities. Further, there was no record(s) to indicate of any regular visit of a medical practitioner; let alone a nurse or doctor. As a matter of fact, less than 2 percent of these orphanages had a first aid kit (Subah-Belleh Associates,

The health of many women in Algeria which is part of Sub-Saharan Africa in 1990 were impacted by the poor health care system because they lived in poverty. Poverty caused these women to lack essential needs to live a quality life. They lacked or could not afford resources such as supplies, health care professionals, and facilities for healthcare, clean water, and waste disposal. This ultimately affected the health of women and their children. For instance, lack of clean water and waste disposal facilities can cause health abnormalities such as cholera or typhoid fever which can cause devastating deaths. This is a healthcare problem because of the lack of funding. The lack of funding prevents antibiotics from being used to prevent death, and prevents African’s from being vaccinated against typhoid fever. Another example of how poverty affects woman’s health is unintended pregnancy, which is because they are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. It's part of the health crisis because it includes a poor health system, and a lack of education about proper nutrition and behaviors during pregnancy. Complications in these pregnancies due to poor nutrition and not visiting the doctor regularly includes increased infant mortality. Infant mortality in the slums of Nairobe is 91.3% while it is 75.9% in urban areas where there is a better developed healthcare system. The inferiority of poor Africans in

Famine has been declared in South Sudan, and is an imminent risk in Somalia, Yemen and Nigeria. Save the Children have responded to the crisis by providing food aid and cash transfers, Emergency Health Units to treat children suffering from severe malnutrition, as well as clean drinking water and technical assistance to governments to support their responses. Save the Children’s response improves health and human development by ensuring children have access to sufficient food and clean drinking water to meet their needs. This reduces the incidence of water-borne diseases and related morbidity rates. Save the Children work to treat the high malnutrition rates in conflict and drought affected countries where resources are limited. Malaria treatment and prevention measures are also available in countries such as Nigeria, ensuring health access to those living in severe poverty. These control measures are vital for preventing an increase in malaria cases across

Average natality rate for a developing country usually tend to be higher than developed countries. This is largely because women in developed countries are more likely to have careers and lifestyles that make it less convenient to have them. Infant mortality rate is the measure of deaths of children that are less than a year old. There are numerous of factors that impact this rate including the mother's level of education, environmental conditions, and political and medical infrastructure. Improving sanitation, access to clean drinking water, immunization against infectious diseases, and other public health measures can help reduce high rates of infant

As this period is considered to be the most integral developmental stage of life, the impact of social, environmental, and economic determinants can have long lasting, if not permanent effects (World Health Organization (WHO), 2015) . Children who in early life are subjected to adversities, such as poverty, inappropriate care, maltreatment, inadequate health care, or substandard education, are more likely to suffer difficulties later in life (Hertzman, 2013).

In 2013, 289 000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and it was estimated that everyday 800 women all over the world died from childbirth or childbirth-related problems (World Health Organization, 2014). Often, maternal mortality is found to occur more often in developing countries than developed countries. Maternal mortality refers women who died from the situation like during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy within 42 days, regardless of duration and place of pregnancy, from aggravation caused by the pregnancy or pregnancy management (Nwagha et al, 2010). Maternal mortality may be resulted from direct or indirect cause. Direct causes are from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour, and puerperium, and interventions whereas indirect causes are from the worsening of current conditions by pregnancy or delivery (Givewell, 2009). This paper aims to examine the causes for maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries and will end with a proposal for government to ensure women are given reproductive health rights.

The current death rate is 29 per 1,000 live births and of the 2.8 million newborns dying at birth worldwide, India accounts for 700,000 children dying at birth or shortly after. The National Health Policy to improve care children and women. Poor neonatal health conditions, widespread illiteracy, poverty, poor sanitation and nutrition have also been identified and India’s hopes to tackle these issues by passing this policy.

Among the many fights against poverty, improving children’s’ health is one of the major responsibilities. A healthy child becomes a healthy adult, a person who has the ability to create a better life for them, the people around them, their community, and their countries. One of the core UNICEF objectives is to improve the health of the children of the world.