Decision Making Bias

Implicit bias plays a significant role in today’s society, whether the members realize it or not. The online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy says,” ‘Implicit bias’ is a term of art referring to a relatively unconscious and relatively automatic features of prejudiced judgement and social behavior” (Brownstein 2015). Implicit biases are often based on stereotypes. Stereotypes, as defined by OpenStax, are “oversimplified ideas about groups of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). Implicit biases can be problematic for many reasons. One way implicit biases are troublesome is due to the fact that it is unconscious, so it is usually out of a person’s control. People are often unaware of their own and how they use it. A very common way implicit biases are seen in society is through discrimination. Discrimination is defined as “prejudiced action against a group of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). If a man and a woman are considered as potentials for being hired, the employer may have an implicit bias either towards or against men or women influencing them to hire one over the other based on their gender. This exemplifies a modern concern of gender discrimination as well. Implicit biases can come in many forms from gender, race, weight, sexuality, and many more. These factors can influence an individual’s treatment of others if they have significant bias. In society, these implicit biases can negatively influence minority and other groups and lead to inequality.

Implicit biases are “‘habits of mind,’ learned over time through repeated personal experiences and cultural socialization, which can be activated unintentionally, often outside of one’s own awareness, and are difficult to control” (Burgess, Beach & Saha, 2017, p. 372). Implicit bias is seen in the medical field partly because of the time pressure of medical visits, and the reliance on stereotypes in situations of high stress. It is difficult to study implicit bias because of social desirability. No doctor wants to admit that they are biased and, as a result, they are going to do their best to demonstrate the socially desirable response of being non-biased. However, research shows that bias and prejudice from health care providers toward patients exists, and leads to poorer care related to the assessment of cardiovascular risk and whether or not a patient is referred for additional treatment (Stepanikova, I., 2012). Even health care providers from one of the best health care organizations in the world, Mayo Clinic, struggle with

The interesting thing about bias is how and why it develops. Often it is rooted in fear and even denial. People are easily intimidated by things that are different, and they are motivated by acceptance. So, sometimes we pretend to be something we are not in order to fit in. The irony in this is that bias may develop against things that are actually a part of our own makeup. If we are honest, it becomes evident that

In essence, explicit biases are based on general knowledge and ‘common sense’ that an individual can identify and expound on. Naturally, having an explanation does not make these judgments, or their premises, accurate. An example of an explicit bias would be assigning gender roles to different tasks. For instance, at the extreme, women were not seen fit to join the labor force in the developed countries until well into the 19th century; the explanation for this was that women were supposed to stay home and take care of the household, and were less able than men to do most of other types of work. However, no scientific evidence exists to date that identifies any significant differences between genders on their performance on work-related tasks (for more information on the history of gender roles in the working environment in the United States, see e.g. Kessler-Harris,

In terms of the anchoring bias, regularly revisit of the original decision based on the newly gathered data needs to be set up within the organization. Additionally, the decision maker should avoid the Confirmation Trap in which Bazerman and Moore (2009) argues that people tend to seek information that confirms their expectations and hypotheses. To recognize the bias, Mike Francis could

In Chapter 3, there were 12 areas of bias spread across the 3 areas of heuristics. The main theme of the text was to prove that we are predisposed to certain outcomes. As we make important decisions we rely on our memory, or a number of past events, or even ignoring facts. Overall, we are biased in many ways when it comes to making decisions, or predicting outcomes of a particular event.

Bias is something every person has; It is the inclination to feel prejudice towards a certain person, subject, or thing. On a personal level, bias affects just about everything a person could encounter, or has yet to encounter in their lifetime. There are two main types of biases people can have; Cognitive bias involves topics such as social attribution or memory errors, that are quite common and have a wide range of effects on how humans perceive things. The other type of bias is called social biases, or sometimes referred to as attributional bias. Attributional biases affect our everyday social interactions, and has a strong impact on people when trying to assess their own and others behaviors.

Intellectual - “…biases are just than - unconscious.” (Unconscious Bias) As school leaders, we are able to see more than one moving part like a single department or school group. With distance comes perspective, and with that perspective is the moral imperative to address what we can see that needs changing. Bias is one of those subtle, and sometimes

As a potential new counselor when I first heard about bias it sounded pretty easy to locate. I thought bias were obvious and thus easy to spot and work on. Examples of bias were discussed and we talked about abortion, gay community, and end of life. With that type of subjects it appears easy to figure your thoughts and feel bias free. These are common controversy matters you already thought about and have an opinion on. The problem is more towards ideas you have not think about yet or you thought only through your perspective. For example in the abortion case how would you react with abortion, adoption or keeping the baby? You have to think about all the different aspects of one case and work on what sound not right for you in order to practice

In 1968, Hensley initiated a more comprehensive survey on how national bias may affect the decision-making of the ICJ members. With the data covering ICJ’s decisions on 54 claims in contentious cases between 1946 and 1964, he analyzed a total number of 638 votes. In this research, Hensley found that the votes of regular judges from party states and ad hoc judges deviated from the votes of other Court members by 22% and 44%. While similar deviation are also found in the voting record of the advisory opinion. Hensley argued that national bias not only affects the judges’ decision making in contentious cases but also extended to advisory opinion cases. By highlighting how the voting patterns of the national judges differ from judges from non-party

To provide high quality and equitable care, it is important that health care providers reduce and become aware of their biases. Biases can be divided into those under conscious control, explicit biases, and those that are held at an unconscious level, implicit biases (Doyle). We have made great strides with reducing explicit bias by banning discrimination and reducing prejudice, but we need to continue working towards reducing and becoming aware of our implicit biases. In reflecting on my own implicit biases, I have become aware that my implicit biases can negatively affect my ability to deliver high quality patient care in the future by impacting my relationship with patients, increasing the probability of misdiagnosis, and influencing treatment

Implicit bias everyone possesses it, even if they do not ament to it. Implicit bias is also known as social cognition. It refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions,and decisions. About 48 hours after the presidential debate monday night, Trump responded to what Ms..Clinton spoke about implicit bias. Trump thinks that Hillary accused the entire country of implicit bias. Trump then goes on to bashing clinton about everything she has ever said to make her seem like a terrible person towards the citizens and our cops,soldiers,firefighters,the men that severing the country.

C. (1988). Outcome bias in decision evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 569-579.

Heuristic thinking is the refined mental process people use when faced with an alternative. Such decisions are typically made quickly and unconsciously. Quickly making a decision without thinking through every detail can be advantageous but it can lead to biases and inconsistencies. There are four common biases caused by heuristics; relative comparisons, availability, representativeness, and affective.

Transition a bit more fully here? So what is cognitive bias then? It is what makes our minds believe things, without even giving us a choice. These mechanisms in our head cause us to make usually biased and unfair decision, which is why it’s important to be aware of them. Take the idea of bandwagoning of course, the most known bias. This is where you just do what everyone else is doing, without any personal regard to yourself or to anyone else, all because someone else is doing it. You may think that you aren’t susceptible, but everyone is because it happens subliminally. and