Decision making is the most important aspect of any matter one confronts in the physical world. The

The decision making process includes cognitive processes that eventually lead to a choice in action while taking into consideration the alternative possibilities (Allen, Dorozenko, & Roberts, 2016). Not all choices have to lead to an action. The values and preferences of the person making the choice also comes into play when making the final decision. Problem-solving to obtain a certain goal or satisfactory by a solution is the main reason people go through the decision making process (Stefaniak, & Tracey, 2014). This process has many factors that end with one final result or solution. The decisions made can be rational or irrational and can be determined by explicit or tacit knowledge (Qingyao, Dongyu, & Weihua, 2016). Since the decision making process can be very difficult at time, psychologists have viewed the process in different perspectives to get a better understanding (Rossi, Picchi, Di Stefano, Marongiu, & Scarsini, 2015). The different perspectives include; psychological, cognitive, and normative or communicative rationality.

Decision-making in the workforce is a process of responsibilities used by upper management to implement, enforce rules, regulations, and maintain a successful environment. Decision-making implemented more effectively by making a plan, thinking it through, accepting more than one opinion and determining what is best. However, decision-making often utilized more effectively by opening doors of opportunities for a suggestion, question, discussion, and feedback. Although, more involvement helps improve understanding, utilize behavior skills and present opportunities for better communication. Everyday life consists of decision-making, the right decision may not always be applied, but ensure room for improvement and opportunity. Individuals approached decision-making in many different ways. As stated by (Jones, Graham, & Bateman, 2006) decision making is a procedure used to recognize a problem, weigh the alternatives and evaluate a solution in which, certain situations will require different approaches to become effective.

For the most part, our decision-making processes are either sub-conscious or made fairly quickly due to the nature of the decision before us. Most of us don't spend much time deciding what to have for lunch, what to wear, or what to watch on television. For other, more complex decisions, we need to spend more time and analyze the elements of the decision and potential consequences. To assist with this, many people employ the use of a decision-making model. Utilizing a

Most decisions are made with analysis, but some are judgment calls not susceptible to analysis due to time or information constraints. Please write about a judgment call you’ve made recently that couldn’t be analyzed. It can be a big or small one, but should focus on a business issue. What was the situation, the alternatives you considered and evaluated, and your decision making process? Be sure to explain why you chose the alternative you did relative to others considered.

Our understanding of why flawed decisions are so common comes from work done by neuroscientists and decision scientists to understand how the brain works when faced with a set of circumstances that require a decision (Finkelstein, S., Whitehead, J., & Campbell, A. (2009).

In order to master critical thinking, the ability to question information and solve problems must be present. The crucial steps that lead to successful decision-making is not based solely on our skills and abilities, but on the strategies that help us get there. All these steps combined allow us to make solid and intelligent decisions. Research on understanding how the mind works is a continuing project at best, but the progress we have made is substantial in the areas of understanding problem-solving and decision-making.

Every day we have to make decisions. Some of the decisions are small and some of them are life-changing. Some of the decision we make, sometimes, is pretty simple. We have to wait longer to see if our decision was the correct one or not. We might have found the right solution to our problem or maybe we will have to go through the whole decision-making process again until we find the perfect solution to our problem. Decision making is not always simple. Many times, we think that we have made the best decision ever and later on we realize that it was not. As humans, we tend to answer with our heart and feelings. We tend to answer right away without thinking. The understanding that critical thinking and decision making hand and hand is an important key. Many times, time and perseverance will be the key to the best result

Decision-making is critical to a business helping mitigate risk and requires good judgment, considering social, humans, and ethical values before final decisions are made. Additionally, making good decisions enables organizations to identify and resolve problems, also providing organizations with the ability to identify and exploit opportunities.

In decision making there are three heuristics that we utilize, the representativeness heuristic, the availability heuristic and the anchoring and adjustment heuristic (Matlin, 2012). These heuristics act sort of like a mental short cut that helps us quickly make a decision or judgement. Most of the time these heuristics lead us to a sound logical decision, “but we sometimes apply them inappropriately” (Matlin, 2012, p. 408), and this can land us in unpredictable, faulty, and many times undesirable situations.

The interesting thing about this book, it reflect our daily behavior on how we making our decisions. It described the four common misleading shortcut on making decision, availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, confirmation heuristic, affects heuristic. Common heuristic simplify our decision and save our time, however sometimes lead to costly mistakes. Furthermore Bazerman explained how we are automatically driven by system 1, which impact our decision quality. Our continuous bad habits such as, of self-overestimating, self-enhancement, over precision, ignore feedback from others are another examples of decision quality deformation.

Decision-making can be a cognitive process of selecting a course of action form various options. Some of us are logical. Some of us are risk taking. Either way such characteristics play a role in our decisions. In my experience decision-making can

Thinking critically and making decisions are important parts of today’s business environment. It is important to understand how the decision making process works and the steps involved. The nine steps of the decision making process are: identifying the problem, defining criteria, setting goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problem, identifying the causes of the problem, framing alternatives, evaluating impacts of the alternatives, making the decision, implementing the decision, and measuring the impacts. (Decision, 2007.) By using various methods and tools to assist in making important business decisions an individual can ensure the decisions they make will be as successful as possible. In this paper it

The importance of decision making in individual daily life and in organization level was demonstrated by two scientists, Arkes and Hammond (1992), in ‘Judgment and Decision making’ indentified the four types of information which decision maker requires constructing a decision tree.

Inadequate information, data, and knowledge. For rational decision-making to be accurate, reliable, and complete, information about various aspects of the problem under investigation is necessary. Possible future trends can be estimated with the help of such information. This facilitates rational decision-making. However, adequate and reliable information may not be available at the time of decision-making. As a result, the decisions may become defective or irrational or may prove faulty in the course of time. This is how decisions become irrational.

The idea of applying exact optimisation approach on requirements selection and optimisation is similar with search-based requirements optimisation. The only difference is that, instead of using search-based optimisation algorithm, the search-based requirements selection and optimisation problem is tracked with exact optimisation algorithm. There are three main categories exact optimisations found in the literature. They are Integer linear programming [25], dynamic programming [26], and exhaustive search [27].