Declaration Of Rights

“Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 and invited states to sign and ratify it”

Even though the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen never received the chance to be implemented, it reflects the ___ of change that had occurred within the first five years of the French Revolution; through the ___ we are able to understand the mindset of the men from the National Convention ( 221). Cahier of the Parish of St. Germain d’Airan was written in accordance to the authority of King Louis XVI; members of the community gathered to create the doctrine and to show “reciprocal love” through contributions to the state ( 55). Members of the community felt like King Louis XVI was having the doctrine created out of the goodness of his heart solely.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, adopted in 1789 by the National Assembly, explicitly defines “the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man” (Declaration, p. 1). Two philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and Karl Marx, object the document, especially its usage of natural rights, by presenting different arguments against its language and function. Bentham centers his argument around the Declaration’s promotion of anti-legal rights and its vagueness in description in his essay “Anarchical Fallacies.” Marx criticizes the Declaration’s perpetuation of social alienation and for not pursuing human emancipation in “On the Jewish Question.” Of the two arguments, Marx presents a better and more convincing argument than Bentham. Marx advocates for complete human emancipation beyond political emancipation whereas Bentham does not go beyond the criticism of the legislators, of their use of language and design, as opposed to the law itself.

What is the Third Estate is not the only document that made common French folks confident about their future. In August 1789, the national assembly adopted declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which brought the height of liberty and freedom to a higher level. This document was influenced by both Enlightenment and the U.S. Declaration of Independence. In the declaration, it said that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” Ever since that, liberty meant individual rights and responsibilities and, more specifically, freedom from arbitrary authority. (Cole, 449) Revolutionary leaders later adopted “liberty, equality, fraternity” as their motto. In addition, the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen encouraged

“The French deputies of the Estates General reborn as the National Assembly of 1789 didn’t just want to proclaim the rights of Frenchmen but those for all times and all nations.” It is recognized as the greatest expression of human rights. This was a declaration whose primary goal was two fold. It served to protect individuals from government and form the basis of a new government. It is the model for future societies seeking freedom and self government. The ideas expounded in the declaration were revolutionary when they saw the light of day in 1789 and they have survived and from them we recognize the creation of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch (1978) and a Bill of Rights (American Constitution)and that truly makes them revolutionary. All these organizations seek a guarantee of individual rights and limitations on governments and 250 years later, they reflect the thinking of the writers of the Declaration of the Rights of

At the core of society are the undeniable rights we are afforded as human beings. These rights are outlined in the United Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as a way to protect each individual’s freedoms. Since its adoption sixty-seven years ago, society and its viewpoints have changed drastically (“The Universal Declaration of Human Rights”). Therefore, while at the time the intentions for this document might have been genuine to protect all people, they are no longer sufficient. The lack of inclusion in this document has led to the creation of documents such as the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).

The French Revolution, a time span of widespread social and political disturbance that lasted about ten years from 1789 until 1799. During the period of the French Revolution, rights, privilege, and freedom were topics to be spoken about. Rights was a topic that created such big controversy because not all the laws that were put into work made sense and not all applied as they said they would. Things like the Declaration of The Rights of Man were released to that have many laws referring to the freedom of man. Even with these laws being passed people still were not content because many people were not incorporated. Citizens were said to be free of expression in all ways possible, but only those who were considered to be citizens, and as said before not all were included. Many who did not hold active power and contribution were also to be excluded from these benefits that were provided with The Declaration of The Rights of Man. Along with that there were also some religious differences within beliefs of others. Rights took a bewildering role during the French Revolution because when it came to the matter of freedom, the rights that were given at the time would contradict their statements with many minority groups.

uman rights are defined as “a right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person”. Human Rights are continually evolving and changing for the better, they are constantly reassessed and improved for the world’s greater good. Countless people have tried to define what a Human Right is and who they belong to, but we always seem to come across the same philosophers and documents that truly define Human Rights. John Locke was a famous English philosopher in the seventeenth centaury who believed in natural rights provided by a “higher power”. Another name often associated with Human Rights is Mahatma Gandhi was a famous civil rights activist, particularly known for the steps he took against discrimination in India, and the leader of infamous nonviolent protests for his campaign against discrimination. One of the most infamous documents written about human rights is The UN Declaration of Human Rights was written in 1948, and is one of the most popular references of basic Human Rights.

The concept of human rights has become ambiguous, with very little agreement regarding its meaning and application internationally. The concept of human rights could be deemed as what Gallie termed as “an essentially contested concept.” This argues that when it comes to certain concepts there is just simply no one clearly definable general use that is widely agreed on. There are a variety of elements and words that can be used to describe the concepts of human

As citizens of Mexico, we believe article 1 of the “Declaration of Human Rights” shall be practiced and admired amongst the great people of this country. We are treated

I feel that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) does have a western bias. Many people look to US for guidance, but not many other nations copy our way of life. States can sign treaties, but they cannot be reassured that the other nation will keep its word. The US and the UN should maybe not be engaging in promoting western society, but they should be engaging in promoting the protection of human rights. The UN UDHR fought for minimal rights in 1948 by identifying three types of generations of rights. The first was political participation and civil liberties inspired by the Enlightenment. For example, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and the rights written in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution. The second was social and economic rights of state commitments motivated by social dislocation of the Industrial Revolution. This can be found in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution as well, along with all the articles of what states can and cannot do. The third and final was the protection of community identity and national solidarity. These rights can be found in the Bill of Rights, which protects the rights of citizens. All of the above rights are protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which reflects western interests, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which is supported in communist and other developing countries. Four current

General Assembly of the United Nations implemented The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, following the end of World War II and it was created after the formation of the United Nations in 1945 (Moscrop, 2014). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights consist of code of conduct and international laws came to life following the recent two world wars, genocide, violence and social inequality (Welch, 2015), and are meant to provide an international bill of rights to all humans. Welch (2015) notes the drafting of the Declaration took 2 years, 168 amendments and over 1400 votes and has been translated into 337 languages and the components of the Declaration are equality,

For decades, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been used as an overall basis for the rights every human is enabled to, no matter their differences. Without a doubt, there are several countries that violate this declaration and have no respect for their citizens’ rights. Many may agree that Pakistan is among the numerous countries that don’t take the steps to make sure that every man and woman is enabled to these rights. In recent years, Pakistan has discriminated against their own citizens, whether it be because of their religion, gender, or even caste, which violated Article 2 of the declaration. In addition, Article 16, or the right of someone to marry who they please and have the right to raise a family has also been violated thousands of times, whether it be by the government, a citizen’s village, or even his/hers own family. The right to have good working conditions and pay, which is Article 23, has also been violated by Pakistan, as many adults and children alike have faced work brutality. As a result of these numerous violations, it is clear that Pakistan does not follow Articles 2,16, and 23, and therefore this country violates the Declaration of Human Rights.

All around the world, basic human rights, as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are being violated. As Thomas Pogge argues, these violations contribute to the rise of poverty in multiple nations. The global rate of death caused by poverty is astounding, “…360 million human beings have died prematurely from poverty related causes, with some 18 million more added each year”, and unfortunately these figures are substantially larger than the death count of many wars (Pogge, p.50). The concept of globalization should, in theory, propose solutions to this depressing yet preventable issue. However, due to the power of corporations and the lack of incentive for affluent citizens to change their own spending habits, it only leads to a vicious cycle masked by "solutions" that end up propagating human rights violations.

Implemented in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) delineates the basic rights and freedoms entitled to all humans. The freedom of speech and the right to express beliefs freely is a universal human right protected by Article 19 of the UDHR. It declares that “everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression” and can “hold opinions without interference”. The regional agreements of Iran, China and Bahrain are in accordance with the Universal Declaration and are fully dedicated to upholding the rights of the citizens, the government, and the overall welfare of their nation. While the government is often dealt a difficult hand with defining the boundaries of censorship, the idea of censorship is impermissible. The line between restricting and not restricting opinions becomes unclear when the universal right to free speech coincides with the basic rights of other citizens or openly threatens the balance of the state. Opinions contrary to that of the government do not justify refusing citizens their basic rights, like in the case of Iran, China and Bahrain. It is essential to protect free speech as a universal law for the benefit of society as a whole. The government of Iran, China, and Bahrain clearly violated the fundamental rights listed under the international human rights law. Therefore, they should be scrutinized for refusing citizens the ability to express their opinions.