Definition Of Financial Reporting System

The purpose of accounting is to record the financial information, such as transactions and performance, related to a business. The accounting profession has been in existence for as long as business transactions have occurred. It wasn’t until 1494, however, when Luca Pacioli, a Venetian merchant, wrote Summa de Arithmetica, Geometrio, Proportioni et Proportionalita. His writings described a two-entry system of debits and credits, which became the basis for modern accounting systems. Three centuries later, with the emergence of the Industrial Revolution and the development of corporations, the profession of being an accountant became a necessity to keep track of the rising costs and cash flows. As a result, the American Association of Public

The documents that comprise GAAP vary in format, completeness, and structure. As a result, financial statement preparers sometimes are not sure whether they have the right GAAP; determining what is authoritative and what is not becomes difficult. In response to these concerns, the FASB developed the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification. The FASB’s primary goal in developing the Codification is to provide in one place all the authoritative literature related to a particular topic. Professional accountants pay for access to the FASB. The OU Accounting Department has paid for academic access to the FASB Codification. Our Login information is:

1. Ethical Obligations and Decision in Accounting Shawn M. Mintz and Roselyn E. Morris page 248

FASB issues different types of exposure documentation to solicit input on its standards setting activities, includes discussion papers, exposure drafts, preliminary views and comment section. One of standards and rulings that being contemplated through pending exposure draft document of FASB is the proposed accounting standard update on Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) specifically on classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments which is a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The stakeholders has stated there are diversity in the statement of cash flows on how certain cash receipts and cash payment are presented and categorized. This proposal of accounting standards update is to provide solution on eight specific

When talking about accounting, the first thing we should know is the history of its development. Traditionally, the development is from inductive to deductive. Inductive theory assume what is done by the majority is the most appropriate practice. However, It did not seek to evaluate the logic or merit of

Ethics in any industry is important, but for Accounting professionals and those in need of their services, it is a particularly stressed element. Information provided by accountants is used to make major decisions, including investing, downsizing, expanding, etc, so accountants are expected to be competent, reliable, and have a high degree of professional integrity. Because of these high expectations, the professional accountancy industry, like many other professions, has adopted professional codes of ethics (Woelfel, 1986). These ethical codes go above and beyond the requirements for state or federal laws and regulations. There are several professional organizations within the

The information reflected in the financial statements actually is expected to be of high quality and useful to support the quality decision-making of market stakeholders due to the far-reaching and very costly consequences. It is important in this context to properly identify and discuss the user needs and thereby we refer to the actual requirements of all information users amongst them the management, which uses the financial information to steer, regulate and co-ordinate the business.

In this research, we will outline various concepts and definitions to business combinations and address some important issues such as reporting entity concept, determination of fair value of assets, nature and treatment of goodwill, fair value approach in determining the cost of business combinations. While doing this, we will keep in mind the major accounting practices

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) replaced all U.S. financial accounting standards in July 2009. Consequently, ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, replaced SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets in September 2011. Under ASC 350, goodwill must be periodically tested for impairment. Goodwill impairment is determined through a two-step process outlined in ASC 350. However, in January 2014, an update to ASC 350 was released, which authorized an alternative method of accounting for goodwill servicing private companies that could consequently reduce their costs and simplify their accounting methods. Additionally, the international standard for goodwill impairment, IFRS 3, specifically mandates that companies must annually test goodwill for impairment. The specifics of the impairment test are entailed in IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, the international standard for accounting for goodwill associated with business combinations. This paper will analyze the effects of the accounting policies enacted under these standards and in particular analyze the efficiency of impairment testing methods versus amortization of goodwill and the connection of impairment methods with managerial and CEO compensation and earnings management. Finally, this paper will analyze if impairment testing under ASC 350 and IAS 36 or amortization, which is

Accounting principles are like the Ten Commandments to a CPA. The principles are recommendation or instructions on what an account should follow when logging and informing on all accounting transactions. Businesses rely on their account every month to maintain the financials records of the company. At the end of each month, it is important for every transaction to be documented and posted as a financial entry in the monthly trail balance. An account needs to ensure all journaling is correct; an account must know the importance of how to record prepaid expenses, unearned revenues, accrued expenses, and accrued revenues.

Business Combinations and Goodwill—Business combination transactions are accounted for under the acquisition method. Accordingly, the purchase consideration is allocated to assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. The consideration for the net assets acquired is determined prior to the assessment of the fair value of the net assets at the acquisition date. We have identified several intangible assets acquired in business combinations including VOBA, acquired distribution channels and state licenses. We value VOBA as described below under Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements and Value of Business Acquired. We value distribution channels using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach and the state licenses using the market approach. Distribution channels and state licenses are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

the value of many acquired businesses. Nevertheless IFRS 3 is much more than an accounting convention. The transparency promoted by this standard will allow analysts extraordinary insight into the performance of the purchased business. Shareholders will be in a better position to understand what they have actually got for their money. The implications for preparers are that they must understand and be ready to meet the challenges that IFRS 3 signifies, by making sure they have the necessary provisions in place such as training and equipment. One of the main concerns is that measuring intangibles is not simply a one-off process. When a business is purchased, a process known as a purchase price allocation is necessary to assign the purchase consideration across the assets of the business. Only once the fair values are calculated for the intangibles, the preparers can determine the extent of the goodwill. Business will now as a result have to carry out impairment tests to check and, if necessary, correct the value of goodwill and long-life intangibles. For example, if a

It has been become an issue of great concern that the accounting profession must find a common theory in order to address and put the issue at rest. This therefore, has called for the study of this topic under review “the demand for and supply of accounting theories: the market for excuses. As a result of this several questions have been raised. For instance, the question of why accounting theories are predominantly normative has been put forward by this article? Secondly, why no single theory in accounting profession that is generally or widely accepted? It has been argued that the financial accounting theories have been found to be ineffective most especially in the area of impacting accounting practice and policy, though, this has been

With respect to the field of auditing, materiality is a critically important concept addressing the significance of discrepancies, amounts, and transactions. Specific materiality guidelines are required in accounting practices to avoid judgmental (legal) decisions. Materiality is applied for most, if not all, economic decisions, and the topic of materiality is not a new issue. Disclosures in re financial statements have been emphasized by courts in the United Kingdom since the 1800 's, whereas materiality initially rose to importance in the United States following 1933 's Security act. The significance of the materiality concept and its implications are pertinent to business decisions, as well as for

“The Objective of the Conceptual framework project is to improve financial reporting by providing a more complete, clear and update set of concepts” (IFRS.org). Although the current framework has been crucial in to the IASB when developing and revising IFRS’s there have been a few problems. There are areas that are uncovered, limited guidance and out of date areas. In July 2013 the IASB issued a discussion paper which is designed to explore potential changes to the IASB’c conceptual framework and the possibility of a revised framework. “The Conceptual Framework sets out the concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements“ (JULY 2013). This discussion document is the first step to a revised