Definition Of Scientific Management Theory Essay

Scientific Management – a method which sought to identify most efficient techniques for management through “time and motion” studies and then motivated worked to adopt these ways of working through the use of

Scientific management has three basic starting points：1 Seek the highest efficiency，the core problems is to improve labor productivity。2 explore the significant means to achieve the highest efficiency；3 Requires management personnel mutual cooperation，work together and joint efforts。（the principle of scientific management Frederick Winslow Taylor）

Scientific management was first developed by an American, Frederick Winslow Taylor in the1880s ~1910s and has evolved a lot since then. It is a theory or school of thoughts about process improvement and management. It aims at maximizing efficiency, productivity, output with least cost and minimizing wastes. It was criticized as inhuman by many organizational theorists. However, it is widely applied in manufacturing industry and service industry in both developing and developed countries nowadays. This article is to investigate the reasons why scientific

Scientific Management theory arose from the need to increase productivity in the U.S.A. especially, where skilled labor was in short supply at the beginning of the twentieth century. The only way to expand productivity was to raise the efficiency of workers.

The scientific management theory gives the managers the job to systematically divide the work into smaller tasks and to assign them to the workers. These tasks are scientifically determined to increase the productivity and efficiency of the organisation. Also, the workers are recruited to fit exactly their designed tasks. In addition to this, employees would be trained and taught to follow the procedures of the job specifically. This being said, workers do not contribute to how the work is done inside the organisation instead they just implement higher management orders. Taylor explains this by saying: “The work of every workman is fully planned out by the management at least one day in advance”(Taylor, 1917, p. 39) And, in order to increase the motivation of the workers the theory emphasises on putting a link between performance and pay and give bonuses to high achievers. The scientific model of management believed that the only incentive for a worker’s productivity is a higher

Scientific management has a number of important principles. First, it calls for the application of the scientific method at work for accomplishing

Frederick W. Taylor was recognized as the father of the "scientific management" theory. Taylor's Scientific Management Theory is not just a collection of purely technical principles and practices, but also the cooperation and harmonization of fundamental relationships between people and machines and techniques; between people in the production process, especially between the manager and the employee. Thanks to this theory applied in the industrial enterprises, the labor productivity has increased dramatically; The final result is high profitability, both employers and workers are high income. His scientific approach requires detailed observation and measurement of routine work, in order to find the best working way. Taylor’s approach is categorized as the bottom up approach.

Taylor's own name for his approach was scientific management. This sort of task-oriented optimization of work tasks is nearly ubiquitous today in industry, and has made most industrial work menial, repetitive, tedious and depressing; this can be noted, for instance, in assembly lines and fast-food restaurants. Ford's arguments began from his observation that, in general, workers forced to perform repetitive tasks work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished. This slow rate of work (which he called "soldiering", but might nowadays be termed by those in charge as "loafing" or "malingering" or by those on the assembly line as "getting through the day"), he opined, was based on the observation that, when paid the same amount, workers will tend to do the amount of work the slowest among them does: this reflects the idea that workers have a vested interest in their own well-being, and do not benefit from working above the defined rate of work when it will not increase their compensation. He therefore proposed that the work practice that had been developed in most work environments was crafted, intentionally or unintentionally, to be very inefficient in its execution. From this he posited that there was one best method for performing a particular task, and that if it were taught to workers, their productivity would go up.

Several modern management theories have been shown to have their roots stemming from the ideologies of the scientific management theory. The basic principles of scientific management include standardised work activity based on measurement and formulae, workers are matched to tasks, coordination of activities in order to execute a number of related tasks and separation of planning and execution with the aim of maximum output. (4) The scientific management theory explores the idea that managers should manage and the workers should work. The industrial revolution era brought the need to bring about an increase in the effective rate of output and productivity and that led to the introduction of the scientific management theory by Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor was an engineer interested in efficiencies through work measurement and coordination of tasks and focused on the problems of dividing up labour tasks. He believed that the most efficient methods for completing a task and for the selection, development and motivation of employees could be scientifically determined, Taylor concluded that there was one best way to achieve things (4). Taylor had four

Scientific management theory was developed in the late 19th century by Fredric Winslow Taylor. At that time, the business environment was experiencing a revolution from agricultural to industrial dependency. As a result, a majority of the workers migrating from rural to industrial areas seeking employment opportunities were untrained and generally less effective. Taylor therefore sought to establish how an organization can enjoy maximum efficiency and productivity. He did this by scientifically studying the work flow process. Particularly, he was interested on how work was being conducted and the effect this had on individual productivity. He concluded that the level of efficiency and productivity between individual varied

There are a lot of benefits from scientific management. First, the productivity increases dramatically by improving the working method. Second, the supervisors can measure the performance base on the working methods. Third, it motivates the employees by incentive payments base on the results on the performance. Finally, the physical working conditions for employees also improved because of scientific management. (Cole, 2004)

Good management can be defined as the optimal use of available resources to increase an organisation 's efficiency and effectiveness in meeting its objectives (Garg, 2013). Scientific management has been the dominant model for many years, but its usefulness for meeting modern organisational challenges may be limited. This paper examines the principles of scientific management, the degree to which it is applied in contemporary organisations, its utility for addressing modern challenges, and alternative perspectives on management.

Scientific management is a management theory developed by Frederick W Taylor. Its main purpose is to improve an organization’s efficiency in production through analyzing workflow systematically using quantitative analysis to improve task completion efficiency. Reducing waste, increasing methods of production and create a just distribution of goods are goals of the scientific management theory. On the other hand, human relations theory attributed by Elton Mayo counteracts with scientific management theory that ignored human issues of behavior. In human relations theory, a worker is treated as an individual and what motivates and cultivates them in their achievement is analyzed. Both scientific management and human relation theory aims to improve efficiency in the workplace and it still applies to the workforce in the modern days despite the opposing ideas of both theories.

Scientific Management established a great influence on the strategy and competitive formulas used in modern organisation.

The scientific approach required several major principles in its application to management: 1st – develops a science for each operation to replace opinion and rule-of-thumb. 2nd - it