Ben Mendlen
ISBL 201 012
A49466712
19 February 2015
Deforestation and Malaria
Introduction:
Deforestation causes an increase in Malaria. Deforestation is the removing of trees to make it into an empty land. Deforestation occurs all over the world. Humans, who use the resources the forest can provide us, cause a lot of deforestation. Some of the resources we use are the trees it self for wood and also the certain foods it produces. Malaria is a disease. It is an illness that causes fevers by an organism that lives on a host, which is transmitted by mosquitoes (Koram et al., 2007). Mosquitoes spread the parasite to other living organisms. Malaria occurs all over the world. The disease likes to live in warmer areas, the hotter the weather
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The researchers found that there were shifts in habits by the mosquitos, but also in the forest itself. Because of the deforestation there was shifts in food sources and water, also the shifts in patters by humans, who created new ways of getting around (Vittor et. Al., 2009). This destroyed a lot of the rainforest. Deforestation occurs in the Amazon because of accessible reproduction areas (Vitto et al., 2009). Around the world there has been shifts in the transportation of the leech, which is involved with Malaria (Guerra et al., 2006). Deforestation is likely to be at a higher level in the years to come (Guerra et al., 2006). Because of the increase in Deforestation there will be an increase in Malaria as well because of the link between the two. Deforestation and the disease Malaria causes more Malaria exposure in the Americas and declines in Asia. Over the past couple of years there has been a huge increase in Malaria (Snow et al., 2006). Deforestation in areas such as; the Amazon, Africa, and Asia have been increasing dramatically (Guerra at al., 2006). Many different things can cause increases in Malaria. It can be caused by changes in environment by deforestation, changing the forest into rice paddies is a more stable environment for Malaria (Guerra et al., 2006). Depending on the different type of Malaria, deforestation can cause an increase in certain types of Malaria depending on the type of environment the Malaria likes (Guerra
Ecological factors that encourage the Anopheles mosquito, and thus also encourage the prevalence of malaria include: being near the equator, densely populated areas, warmer temperatures, standing water, maintaining water for irrigation and deforested areas. (Holy p.1)
“The role of humans in the deforestation of the world's forests is considerable and extensive.” Says Rhett Butler. Humans affect the rainforest many inadequate ways, such as deforestation, and wildfires. Deforestation
Deforestation has been a major concern in tropical rainforests, this is an act of destructing a forest for multiple reasons including wood supply, agriculture purposes or the extraction of minerals and energy. Forest loss till date is 18.03 million acres per year and it has been estimated that within 100 years all rainforests will be destroyed.
Deforestation is the cutting down of a large area of trees and the destruction of forests by people. Forests are what we call an exhaustible resource, one which can be used up if it is not used carefully. Over the last few decades, deforestation has threatened the rainforests with total extinction. To understand why deforestation is such an important issue, you first have to understand why trees matter. Trees improve in many ways the life of all species, including the human race.
Malaria is a very contagious parasite transmitted through mosquitoes to humans. Those at risk are individuals living in areas conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes, especially those that allow the mosquitoes to complete their growth cycle. Everyone is at risk
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases
Every single day, the Amazon Rainforest is losing a massive amount of area due to deforestation. The Amazon is the world’s largest tropical rainforest and it is the world’s source of oxygen. Deforestation has slowed down years ago, but now, it is starting to increase and does not show that it will slow down. Earth without tree’s, the human race and animals would not be able to survive. Today’s society is not taking deforestation as a serious matter. If deforestation were to be left alone, the planet and animals would not be the only ones suffering from it. Deforestation is a big issue that has to be made known and find a solution to end it. The causes and the effects of deforestation should be made known to the society and the importance
Malaria is mostly affected in Africa due to combination of factors in that country. Due to their mosquito’s type and bacteria carrying. There local weather condition allows transmission to occur all year long. In most cases Malaria is less chance to cause death but if not diagnosed on time can lead to death especially in children.
Malaria is becoming more prevalent in Nairobi and Indian villages in the Amazon because the of the human changes to ecosystems. In Kenya, malaria is spreading from the countryside to its major cities from citizens making the move from rural to urban areas. This is occurring because rural areas are becoming more polluted and less profitable for its inhabitants. These people moving from rural areas bring with them malaria carrying mosquitos to the shanty towns that surround the city. These shanty towns contain many gardens that provide the perfect breeding ground for the infected mosquitos. The introduction of these mosquitos into cities like Nairobi has drastically increased malaria prevalence in Africa. In South America, the spread of malaria has been linked to the rapid deforestation that is occurring in the Amazon. Scientist have studied water samples throughout the malaria hot zones and have found mosquito larvae only in waters that are located in deforested area. The shift in the ecosystem from rainforest to clear cut cow pasture has allowed for better breeding condition for mosquitos. These conditions in deforested areas have caused a massive up rise in the number of malaria cases in the region.
Between 1998-2004, the malaria cases in Panama quadrupled. And globally, the malaria death toll has grown inescapably since 1981. In 1995, Europe suffered 90,000 cases of malaria. Today, eight times more malaria patients arrive at the clinics and hospitals across Europe than they did in the 1970’s. Mosquitoes infect between 250 million and 500 million people with malaria every year and close to 1 million perish. Human beings have suffered the disease for more than 500,000 years. This plague is very deadly.
Malaria is an infectious disease carried by mosquitos which is endemic to many tropical and subtropical regions, predominantly Northern Africa. Since 1980, data has been systematically collected in an attempt to expose true Global mortality rates; revealing both positive and negative fluctuations. However since
To begin with, the difficulty in eradicating Malaria by trying to change the environmental factors is, quite simply, there is only so much we can control. There is no doubt that there is a link between the frequencies of Malaria and climate it is found in. It is extremely prevalent in Africa, specifically the countries closest to the Equator. The tropical and sub-tropical regions of countries like Chad and Sierra Leone are ideal conditions for the mosquitoes that necessary for the transmission of the parasite to humans.
“Soil erosion is a natural process in which wind and water remove soil. The removal of the soil roughly occurs at the same rate soil is formed. But 'accelerated' soil erosion, is a far more recent problem. The result is mankind's unwise actions, such as overgrazing or unsuitable cultivation practices” (Collins, 2001). Recent studies link deforestation to the accelerating soil erosion process and to the leaching of naturally occurring mercury (Mainville, et al., 2006). The acceleration of soil erosion then leads to land infertility affecting local and worldwide (Pimentel, et al. 1995). Forest fragmentation is another hazard of deforestation. According to the EPA, the fragmentation process breaks up large parts of forest into smaller pieces. Continuous fragmentation may accelerate global warming by releasing carbon stored in trees (Wade, T., 2003) The Ecuador Amazonian native communities are experiencing the environmental impacts in their flora and fauna as well as risks to their health. Infectious disease dynamics are being altered in animals and humans, strongly affecting cross-species infection rates (Pongsiri, et al 2009). Biodiversity loss may increase species into atypical ecological interactions, which facilitate transmission. Diseases such as Lyme disease, Malaria, and Yellow Fever Possibly can be associated with deforestation (Wilcox & Ellis, 2006). In the Napo
As previously mentioned this essay will now look at three of the main reasons why deforestation is such a problem in the Amazon Rainforest. One of the major contributing factors is the need for housing and a wider trend of urbanization.
In 2015, approximately 3.2 billion people, which is almost half of the world 's population, were at risk of being infected with Malaria. Most cases of malaria occur in sub-Saharan Africa however, Asia, Latin America, and, the Middle East are at risk but to a lesser extent. In 2015, 95 countries had relentless malaria spread, around 88% of the cases and 90% of deaths where in Africa. The pattern between most countries is that they are low or middle income countries. Those who do not have access to proper health care are the ones who are most affected by the disease. Even in sub Saharan Africa the three countries with the highest death from malaria are among the poorest in the region. The high cases and death rates in Africa is caused by different reasons.