Dehydration of an Alcohol lab report

And finally into test tube 3, I pipetted 1.0 ml turnip extract and 4.0 ml of water. The contents of test tube 1 was poured into a spectrometer tube and labeled it “B” for blank. “B” tube was now inserted it into the spectrometer. An adjustment to the control knob was made to zero the absorbance reading on the spectrometer since one cannot continue the experiment if the spectrometer is not zeroed. A combination of two people and a stop watch was now needed to not only record the time of the reaction, but to mix the reagents in a precise and accurate manner. As my partner recorded the time, I quickly poured tube 3 into tube 2. I then poured tube 2 into the experiment spectrometer tube labeled “E” and inserted it into the spectrometer. A partner then recorded the absorbance reading for every 20 seconds for a total of 120 seconds. After the experiment, a brown color in the tube should be observed to indicate the reaction was carried out. Using sterile techniques, any excess liquid left was disposed

The objective of the experiment “Keeping it Liquid” was to figure out what it takes to keep a compound in a liquid form which caused a phase change. A phase change is when a substance changes from one state or phase to another. There are three main phases that normally occur and they are called Evaporation, Deposition, and Melting. Evaporation is where a liquid changes to a gas. An example of evaporation is when water drops form on the glass of a cold drink on a warm day. Deposition is where a gas vapor goes directly into the solid phase without becoming a liquid first. An example of Deposition often occurs on windows during the winter months. While Melting is where a solid turns into a liquid. Melting occurs when ice turn into a liquid when

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

Introduction: long ago the government banned the ability to make alcohol. This has caused a huge uproar which then people started to boot legging, as more and more people started to drink in the safety of their own homes. After the government saw how people were protesting this new law, they decided that they should left the ban. Since then people were able to drink in public, which in return has created another issue, now that they are drunk at a bar, how do they get home. Rather than taking the safe option and utilize some of the state and local programs and call a tow truck, the Driver chooses to just drive how drunk. They think that it’s ok, since they do not have their full mind.

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

Let me tell you that the majority of automobile accidents in America results from alcohol. The alcohol consumed will be existed in blood and it is known as Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). In this condition, someone will experience lowered alertness which can cause someone to loss of judgement and reduce their ability to track moving object. Beside lowered alertness, the muscle control will be lessened causing difficulty steering and less ability to maintain lane position and brake appropriately. People in a state of drunkenness are also hard to detect danger. It may reduce their response to emergency driving situations.

Under Peak 0.6 Vs 4.75 Vs Retention Time 345s 385s GC yielded four peaks, one for water, ethanol, 3-methylcyclohexene, and 1-methylcyclohexene. The retention times were 83, 117, 345, and 385 seconds respectively. There is an approximant ratio of 1:7.9 3-methylcyclohexene to 2-methylcyclohexene.

In the second test tube cyclohexene was added and for the third test tube 2 drops of product was added. The observations were recorded. Similarly, for the alkene test, 3 test tubes were labeled, and 20 drops of dichloromethane was added to each. Next, cyclohexanol was added to the first tube, cyclohexene in the second test tube and the product in the third test tube.

An alcohol dehydration reaction is useful for synthesizing alkenes. Through the use of an acid catalyst, an alcohol is protonated and then dehydrated by the loss of a water molecule. This dehydration step results in a carbocation, and deprotonation by a base results in a final alkene product. In this experiment, 4-methylcyclohexene was obtained with a 32% yield. The theoretical yield of the product was 6.3 grams, but the actual yield of the product was 2.0 grams. A low percent yield of product could be attributed to systematic errors. An improperly tared scale, an inaccurately lined graduated cylinder, or a tiny crack in glassware could result in less than desirable product yields.

The basis of this project is to measure the time it takes for isopropyl alcohol, 100% acetone, and water to evaporate. Also calculating which liquid evaporated more quickly, when apply to heat. In addition, to examine the structure of each liquid to understand the reason each liquid evaporate at the rate it does.

The total percent yield for this experiment was 6.98 %( figure 1). The yield for the ortho isomer was 4.75 %, and 2.23 % for the para isomer. The total percent yield was very low because some errors may have been coming from isolation of product. Also, it could have been from the column chromatography when we took each fractions of the

The purpose of this investigation is to burn selected alcohols of different molecular structure in a controlled environment to compare the magnitude and rates of energy release. Fuels are any kind of substance that, when burnt, produces chemical or nuclear energy that can be used for work. More accurately, fuels may be defined as a naturally occurring or artificially prepared combustible carbonaceous material (Palanna, 2009). One of the most common fuels that is still used today is charcoal. Charcoal is the remains of burnt wood which was discovered to be a good fuel source and was used to melt metals.

A measurement of around 0.5 µL, for each compound, was inserted into a gas chromatography in such a way, a syringe holding the compound was pushed down into a column and injection occurred to then start the machine in separating the compound. A computer was right beside it, indicating the graph of multiple peaks and later, after a duration of 4 minutes, a graph was printed out and obtained to then analyze the retention times and percent composition. “The percent composition was found by inserting the following values into the following equation,

The chromatogram that was received is very similar to the one in the text book. The two chromatograms show six total peaks (if the injection peak is counted) a total of five peaks (if the injection peak is not counted). A difference between the two chromatograms is that on the text book chromatogram a solvent was used to dilute the sample which shows in the chromatogram creating an extra peak (1). No solvent was used to dilute the sample of the mixture of products in the laboratory experiment. Comparing the two chromatograms by looking at them they are very similar in peak placement and heights. The injection peak represents the headspace sample (vapors above the sample) that were injected into the gas chromatography column.

We could go even depeer in the explanation of metabolism reaction but this is just an