Delayed Auditory Feedback Essay

As a child, I felt overwhelmed with the adversity of stuttering. Not only did I feel linguistically handicapped, but I also had low self-esteem. While I still stutter, I have improved an ineffable amount and through the progression, I discovered my passion for the brain. I learned that the majority of the discrepancy between my speaking and others started with the brain. In addition, my father specialized in neuropathology at Vanderbilt Medical Center. He pushed my growing interest for neuroscience and mental health. With his presence, I also learned to overcome adversity and to always seek knowledge. Because of this, I attended the University of Tennessee’s Stuttering and Research Program to research about the interdependence between stuttering

After 60 years of stuttering, Hoagland reminisces about his struggles and triumphs to overcome his stuttering. While attending school, he learned that, “Life can become a matter of measuring the importance of anything you have to say.” He felt that it was

The main purpose of this article is to examine various research on the etiology of stuttering. The experimental research explored various brain circuitries involved, specifically the the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the meta-analysis discussed neuroimaging, lesion, pharmacological, and genetic studies on the neural circuitries connected to persistent developmental stuttering and acquired neurogenic stuttering.

Barry Yeoman in “Wrestling Words”, expresses the struggles of how stuttering becomes a setback in life. Stuttering may seem like an easy disability to overcome,but for those who struggle know the true devastating pain. Not being able to fit the cookie cutter perfect imagine of society not just physically,but also emotionally impacts stutters. Stuttering seems incurable,but organizations like the National Stuttering Project believe an end is reachable. Stuttering is not a life threatening disease,but a setback to thrive on.

The Stuttering Foundation provides a free online resources, services and supports those who stutter and their family members along as the support of the research. This foundation is proudly a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and classified as a private operating foundation, defined in section 4942(j)(3). The first and largest nonprofit charitable organization in the world, that reach to over a million people annually to improve the treatment of stuttering. The stuttering foundation also offer extensive training programs for any professional in this

Due to the fact that stuttering is a well-researched disorder, many professionals have come up with different treatment plans. Nonetheless, we will only cover the 4 main treatment approaches, which are as follows: family system therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), fluency shaping (modification), and stuttering modification. Each of the therapy approaches listed above have their own unique way of helping individuals who stutter. The family systems therapy is used primarily for children who stutter. Through the use of the family systems therapy, the treatment focuses on the “family unit as a whole” (Fogle, 2013, p. 213). Therefore, the clinician takes into consideration how a child’s stuttering affects everyone in the household and what they can do to help minimize the

The prevalence of stuttering was studied by surveys by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). This survey was conducted between 1997 and 2008 and sampled over approximately 119,000 children from the age of three to 17. Based on this specific sample a prevalence of 1.60% was uncovered (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). The incidence of stuttering has been highly debated due to the inconsistency of data in a multitude of studies. The Journal of Fluency Disorders provided a recommended statistic for stuttering of 5% as occurring during the lifespan of an individual (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013).

Stuttering is based on human nature and can be easily understood. It is characterized by abnormally high frequencies, and/or the duration of stoppages in the forward flow of speech (Guitar, 2006). While all the children in these videos seem to be nice kids, their disfluency holds them back from meeting social needs. Carolina is one of the children being documented in the video “Speaking of Courage”. Her family immigrated from South America to Canada where she attends grade school. After coming back home from school one day, she cried to her parents because she was unable to make any friends at school. Distraught over their daughters breakdown, her parents enrolled her in speech therapy where she worked and improved under a clinician’s supervision. Carolina’s speech was characterize

When discussing stuttering, researchers often focus on the impact of speech-language abilities and motor abilities. Few studies have examined psychological variables and their impact on people who stutter (PWS). The communication emotional model (CE) attempts to account for emotional development and its influence on children who stutter (CWS). The CE model does not state that poor emotion regulation causes stuttering; however, it suggests that quantity, quality, and the efficacy of an individual’s emotional regulation can impact different instances of stuttering. Current research does not provide information on the impact of emotional regulation on stuttering. There is research, providing information on the difference between CWS and children

Daniels stated that “quality of life was negatively impacted by [the client’s] self-defeating thoughts and feelings about speaking and difficulty regulating social interaction” (p. 95). It demonstrated that speech and stuttering modifications alone are not enough to facilitate successful treatment outcomes. Broad based treatment approaches work the best in treating the whole child, not just the stutter. SLPs should learn to adopt broad based treatment approaches when implementing stuttering intervention in order to improve quality of

neurogenic stuttering occurs when there is damage done to the brain that results in a person stuttering. this could make communication difficult with others as the damage of the brain of the individual continues to make the individual stutter. not to be confused with psychogenic stuttering that occurs due to psychological trauma that was caused. however these two do not occur as frequently as development stuttering. stuttering can lead to the disfluency of an individual during a conversation with another

In 1939 an experiment now known as the “Monster Study” was conducted on 22 orphaned children by Wendell Johnson, a very influential speech pathologist at the University of Iowa. In this experiment the orphaned children were divided up into two separate groups. One group was given positive speech therapy, in which they were praised for their fluency. The other group was given negative speech therapy. They were belittled for every speech imperfection and told that they were stutterers. Many of the normal speaking children who were subjected to the negative speech therapy experienced negative psychological effects and some developed lasting speech impediments.

Rogers, I felt that my knowledge of stuttering and its impacts definitely expanded. It was both revealing and somewhat heartbreaking to know that although school psychologists don’t work directly with kids who stutter, they can still notice the impact that it has on the child. Choosing childhood-onset fluency disorder for this interview was mostly influenced by my own experience with someone who stuttered as an adult. The person who stuttered was my high school science teacher and I vividly remember the first time people heard him speak. Kids would secretly tease him or interrupt him when he was speaking to “speed up” how long he was taking to make a point. Although I know it probably affected him a lot more when he was younger than it did then, I was still sensitive to his communication difficulties.

A humanistic concept of communication, including proper language and articulation skills, has fascinated mankind for centuries. Our ability to verbally relay thoughts, feelings, ideas, and information to one another proves to be a crucial aspect of social and interpersonal relationships. Regardless of any precautions we take regarding speech preservations at an early age, various speech, voice, or language disorders remain prevalent in society. I recently had the opportunity to participate in a speech/voice/language clinical observation and witness a therapy secession between two clinicians and a young child with a childhood onset fluency disorder. The patient, despite living with this disorder from birth, displayed little to no signs of orthodox stuttering characteristics; however, she portrayed various core

Many speech language pathologists (SLPs), after diagnosing a child with stuttering are left with the problems of what treatment program should be implemented and what are the chances that the