Delayed Sleep Syndrome

Sleeping disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep models of a human being or an animal. The sleeping disorders interfere with the normal mental, physical, social, and emotional functioning of the body. The commonly ordered sleeping disorders are polysomnography and actigraphy. This paper provides a critical analysis of a 2010 article written by Jane F. Gaultney called The prevalence of sleep disorders in college students: impact on academic performance.

Commonly known as Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD) and other names, is a disorder in which the persons internal body clock is not in sync with the morning-rise evening-sleep pattern of the majority of people. Individuals with this disorder are not able to sleep and wake at the times that are regulated by normal work and school hours. They usually get enough sleep to keep them at a functional level through the day but not enough to be considered “well rested”. Polysomnography and actigraphy are tests commonly ordered for some sleep disorders to determine the illness. The cause of Delayed Sleep Phase can include a variety of reasons; puberty being one of the main causes, but some people are born with the disorder. The short term and long term effects of this illness is unfortunate for a person’s overall health. Overall cures to this disorder have not been found yet. Doctors have suggested sleeping pills to help or other alternatives. The disorder affects the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, the core body temperature rhythm, hormonal and other daily cycles.

In the article, "Sleep and Disease Risk"(2007), "If you are not getting enough sleep at night, it could put you at a high risk for a heart disease, strokes, or high blood pressure. People can also gain weight, have a weakened immunity and poor balance." Your body needs sleep, it is a necessity for life just like water is. An example of a health problem that is most common among young adults is Sleep Apnea. Sleep Apnea is among leading sleeping diseases that is an effect from not receiving the right amount of sleep each night.

As stated in a previous statistic, sleep disorders unfortunately target a wide variety of ages. Children are commonly affected by Sleep Apnea, teeth grinding, Night Terrors, Nightmares, sleep walking, Restless Leg Syndrome, bedwetting, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Adults tend to be affected by Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy, Sleep Paralysis, Hypopnea Syndrome, and Noctoria. Sleep disorders are very common and also very dangerous in some circumstances. Ill treating or ignoring sleep disorders can lead to lethargy, poor mood, lack of motivation, and may negatively impact

Sleep is controlled by two body systems: sleep/wake homeostasis and the circadian biological clock. Alterations to this circadian biological rhythm occur during adolescence, when teens undergo a slumber phase delay. This shift in teens’ circadian rhythm causes them to naturally feel more attentive later

Sleep cycles may be disrupted with day sleeping and night activity. Cognitive defects and diminished executive functioning are also common. Reduction in attention and abnormality in sensory function are also seen. Some have the inability to interact with others; others may lack the awareness of their disorder.

All groups were age and gender matched. The mean BMI of the IFL group was significantly higher than NFL group with no significant difference between IFL and OSAS group. The PTT Ar in the IFL groups was significantly higher than that found in the NFL group denoting the higher degree of cardiovascular arousal in the IFL group. The highest level of PTT Ar was found in the OSAS group denoting the highest degree of cardiovascular arousal compared with the

A misconception that people have regarding delayed sleep phase disorder is that as long as the human body retains six to eight hours of sleep per day, then they should be fully functional no matter when they fall asleep. However, after researching delayed sleep phase disorder, it was clear to see that this disorder affects a person’s social life more than their sleeping schedule. While they are asleep during the day, or during other hours that most of the general population actively socializes, the individuals with the disorder are lacking social involvement and instead trying to retain the recommended hours of sleep. This disorder can lead to fatigue, excessive sleepiness during the day, and disconnection from family and social life 3. Although the lack of social involvement is seen this disorder further affects the body internally such as manipulating the genes that work with the circadian rhythm this affecting the body’s processes, influence gene expression, make the immune system significantly weaker, and the glutamatergic process 1,2. Resetting the circadian clock is not an easy task, but there are possible techniques and treatments for patients with this disorder. The difficulty to reset the circadian clock is explained in a study 2 of people who suffer from neurological

Most people with this will find it difficult to stay awake until a normal sleeping hour. This can cause excessive daytime sleepiness if, for example, a person stays awake past when they would normally sleep for social reasons. Even if the person goes to sleep later they will still awake around 1-5 am and this can cause early morning insomnia. Other daytime symptoms stemming from this include fatigue and sometimes depression.

Research shows that short sleep duration results in metabolic changes that may be linked to obesity. As the rise of obesity for children escalates, obesity continues to be a major concern. The CDC says that 1 in 3 American children born in 2000 will develop diabetes, and children under 10 years of age are already developing type 2 diabetes, which is primarily seen in adults usually over the age of 40. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to hypertension, and increased risk of heart attack. Consequently, the relationship between sleep and depression is a little more discerning. Recent research suggests that depressive symptoms may decrease once sleep apnea has been effectively treated and sufficient sleep restored. Sleep apnea may also contribute to poor performance in daily activities such as operating a motorized vehicle and poor academic or work performance. Without the adequate amount of sleep that your brain needs to function, this disease can worsen over

Parasomnias is a variety is sleep disorders that cause abnormal behavior in brain activity. Para means “faulty”, and the Latin origin of somnia, “somnus” means “sleep” (source 5). About 1% to 10% of the population experiences those sleeping disorders, most of which are children. This sleeping disorder usually occurs during the transition from one sleeping stage to another; the two sleeping stages include Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep (source 4). Those that have parasomnias, especially children, may experience many things that include somnambulism (sleepwalking), somniloquy (sleep talking), pavor nocturmus (night terrors), and sleep enuresis (bed wetting); however, some can be extreme and can

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder can potentially be very harming to a person’s physical, mental, and social health. With DSPS causing a person to either get no sleep and go to work/school/etc. , arrive late with inadequate sleep, or skip the event. This can lead to poor performance, daytime sleepiness, and possibly loss of job or failure to maintain grades in school. In addition to this outcome, being sleep deprived is very bad for health considering it is when our body repairs itself, so if we are not getting adequate sleep our body and mind deteriorate. According to circadiansleepdisorders.org 1 in 1000 adults suffer from DSPS, the number being higher with adolescents (1). The unhealthiness of this disorder comes from the individual becoming sleep deprived because they have obligations and cannot sleep in until later in the day. Even though it is unlikely the disorder can be managed and coped without trying to change the circadian rhythm with no ill effects to

"(”Having Trouble Sleeping?”)Sleep is a biological necessity and is essential for the restoration of cells in the body. Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White, authors of Psychology, fourth edition states, “sleep is one of the human body’s biological rhythms, natural cycles of activity that the body must go through”(138). Naturally as a person ages they become more in control and aware of their sleep schedule. This ability to make the choice of when to go to sleep and for how long is when bad habits start to develop. Trouble getting to sleep and staying asleep is a widespread issue. Often people think they have a medical sleep disorder, but most sleeping problems can be traced back to bad habits throughout the day before bed and while in

Delayed sleep phased syndrome (DSPS) is a disorder in which a person’s sleep is delayed by 2 or more hours greater than the socially acceptable or conventional bedtime. This article proves that this delay in falling asleep causes difficulty in waking up at the desired time. DSPS is a disorder that is linked to the Circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is a day and night cycle that helps to compel humans to remain awake during the day and sleep during the night. The article contained helpful tips for ameliorating a teenager’s sleep cycle back to normal. This piece of advice included getting up at the same time in the morning, avoid the computer and reduce bright light exposure 2 hours before bed, develop a bed time routine repeating the same

“Nightmares and sleep disturbances are common complaints among military Veterans” (Plumb & Zelman, 2009). Helping Veterans overcome these common complaints are difficult to remove. This article describes the findings nightmares and sleep disturbances in military Veterans, which assessed the efficacy of Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting therapy for the Military (ERRT-M) in improving sleep quality and quantity and diminishing nightmares, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in a trauma-exposed, Veteran sample. “Outcomes of this trial study suggest that directly targeting sleep and nightmares is successful in improving sleep disturbances and related psychopathology in several Veterans”. Helping Veterans now overcome these