Dells Failure in Retail Distribution

In 1994, Dell made the bold decision to remove their products from retail stores and focused on direct to customer sales. In 1996 Dell began selling through their website which is to this day their most successful sales channel. By eliminating their retail store presence Dell was able to reduce costs on multiple fronts, reduce inventory, and maximize profits. Dell created an order system which allowed customers to specify and select options, components and features they wanted on their Dell device. Dell 's just in time inventory system lowered inventory holdings to just 3 days from 9 days and storage costs were thus minimized significantly. In 1995, Dell entered the Chinese market where a population of 1.3 billion was a great opportunity to create a significant market presence; IBM, Compaq, and Hewlett-Packard had all penetrated the Chinese market prior to this date and had opened offices in China during the early 1990’s. It wasn’t long before Dell proved to be worthy competition with not only international companies but also with local companies like Toshiba, Samsung, NEC and Acer. With so

Dell's business strategy combines its direct customer model with a highly efficient manufacturing and supply chain management organization and an emphasis on standards-based technologies. This strategy enables Dell to provide customers with superior value; high-quality, relevant technology; customized systems; superior service and support; and products and services that are easy to buy and use.

The direct supply chain model that Dell has been using for many years to sell customized PC’s to customers via the internet has been very successful. Dell designed and structured the supply chain to provide customized computers in a quick manner and with a reasonable price. Customers can visit the Dell website and configure the PC they desired and see the cost options they selected. Once the order was finalized, Dell would then start the building of that customized computer to meet the customer’s selection and ship the finished product directly from the manufacturing

The Dell Direct Model was ingenious. Michael Dell took a simple concept, selling direct to the consumer (Appendix. 1), and built a business model that, quite simply, outclassed his competitors. By selling to the customer direct, eliminating the traditional dealer channel and using a just-in-time (JIT) production procedure, Dell has created unparalleled efficiencies

Dell is able to sustain a competitive advantage over competitors in the computer industry because of an extremely efficient supply chain/distribution system and its JIT inventory system. Since inventory and labor are the highest liabilities of a firm and Dell operates with a few days of inventory, they are able to cut costs on warehousing, hiring people to track and maintain inventory, and avoid holding on to obsolete technology.

The proposal presented herein gives the background information of Dell Computers Corporation highlighting the current operation for the manufacture of computers. The proposal highlights the potential of the company to increase its market share and profitability through change of its culture from order based to inventory base.

Dell uses a push-pull strategy. It produces computers by using components after a customer order. Dell’s model is called a Direct model where suppliers deliver to Dell and Dell is directly in relationship with the customer without distributors and/or retailers. The customer is in the beginning (specific order) and at the end of the process. Suppliers are situated very close to the plant which results in a easy coordination. There are few suppliers and it saves money through shipping directly to customers. Next to specific components, Dell also uses some components through all orders. Each order consists of a motherboard for example.

Dell Computer Corporation was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. From the early 1990s until the mid-2000s, Dell was ranked as a PC market leader relying on their distinctive marketing pattern “Direct Model” which undertook direct communication with customers and provided customized products. Recently, the PC industry is facing inconceivable worldwide competition, and Dell is gradually losing their competitive advantages by using its direct model in critical business segments. The company is facing shrinkage of growth, increasing competition, declining quality of customer service, and limitation of expansion. These issues have an enormous impact on Dell’s position as a technological giant in the PC industry.

Affordability of latest technology through Direct Sales Services - Dells uses direct customer relationship or as it calls it “customer intimacy” as its distribution strategy. This means meeting customer needs directly and cutting middleman interference as much as possible. This is done either through dedicated sales representatives, telephone based sales and online at www.dell.com. As a result, the purchase price would be lower than other competitors.

As the competition realized that Dell 's model is operating with efficiency, the other manufacturers also introduced their own direct selling models.

Direct Approach: Unlike competitors Dell has done away with Resellers thereby reducing costs and offering better customer satisfactions.

This enabled strong customer relationships and increased customer satisfaction. One of the characteristics that distinguishes Dell from its other competitors is that Dell provides the facility to customize computers of their choice and taste and deliver the system to the customer as it is. This is the most crucial and critical success factor behind Dell Computers. Dell’s direct to consumer model concept helped them reach above-average returns and remain in business today. Customers have developed a brand-name loyalty to Dell because of their cost efficient differentiation strategy. Their strategic moves for their products created an image for themselves in the market and is the reason for their dominant existence. This enabled them to earn more market share in the industry. The customer segmentation that Dell focuses on is the corporate segment and large businesses form the majority of its clients. This customer segment targeting is more likely a result of its operational strategy and not the other way round. However, with corporate segment customers seeking high performance, reliable, affordable solutions, Dell fits in comfortably. Dell also appeals to those customers who want hands on experience of the latest technology and the idea of customized computers is very appealing. For Dell, it focused on providing superior quality services to its customers through its sales representatives. It also shifted

to cater to large customers. In time, even IBM relied heavily on resellers to service large accounts.

Dell Computer's initial business model concentrated on creating build-to-order personal computers to customers' specific needs. This has grown from a fairly modest operation to a $62B business as of the close of their latest fiscal year (FY 2012). Dell succeeded with an Internet-based business model by concentrating on the accuracy, agility and speed that its much larger competitors could not match. Honeywell, IBM and others could not match the speed and agility that Dell had in basic build-to-order product strategies, which would eventually grow into the core part of their business model. Dell was able to rely on the ubiquity of the Internet to create a much large, diverse customer base compared to its competitors who were constrained by traditional retail channels (as was IBM's case) or a reliance on direct sales forces (Salvador, de Holan, Piller, 2009). Dell was able to capitalize on latent customer demand for customized PCs, laptops and servers at a much greater rate that competitors who failed to see the disintermediating influence the Internet was having on distribution channels (Salvador, de Holan, Piller, 2009). Dell succeeded at this strategy where dozens of other companies failed by concentrating on having the most thorough integration of their supply chain, production, fulfillment and services online globally, all unified through secured Internet-based networks. While the many competitors Dell had

In the fall of 2007, Dell announced partnerships with major computer retailers, including Wall-Mart, Best Buy and Officeworks. These partnership ended Dell’s historical reliance on the direct-to-consumer channel and allowed the company to access the mass merchandise distribution channel, which is an enormous potential business opportunity for the company. Dell continued it’s direct to customer marketing initiatives but also sought to promote its new partnerships in television and print advertising, often in conjunction with its retail partners. In doing so, Dell has begun to complete more heavily on price, as retailers such Wal-Mart are known as low-price shopping destinations for all types of goods. Recently, Dell’s marketing efforts have been less focused on product features and customizability and more focused on low price as the defining feature of Dell consumers.