Demographic Effects On Economic Development

Global population; it’s what has been mystifying and engaging our human geographers for centuries. In fact, the various stages of the demographic transition have shown what the population is acting as now, and how it will change in the future. Starting right here in the United States, we are having a very successful time maintaining a small growth population. Our 1.83 child per woman ratio is slightly below the zero growth 2.03, but our population continues to grow because of our governmental decision to approve immigration into the country. Because of this vital decision, it allows our population to continually grow. Now, back to the demographic transition stages. The United States is currently in Stage 4 along with many other Developed European

Three demographic indicators of development include, but are not limited to natural increase rate, education level, and infant mortality rate. Natural increase helps determine the level of development of a country because if there is a positive increase rate, it shows that people are living to a reasonable age and children are being born and surviving. Education level determines the future of the country’s economy because if people are more educated the country’s economy most likely will become better. Infant mortality rate helps to determine the level of development in a country because it gives a good representation of the state of the medical facilities in the country and the mother’s need to have multiple children.

The demographic transition is a three-stage model of population growth in Europe. In the first stage there is a stable population because birth and death rates are both high. The second stage happens as mortality rates begin to slowly decline, but birth rates stay high. When this stage happens, there is fast population growth. During the third stage, the population is more stable as both birth and death rates are low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths which could ultimately create other social problems.

The demographic transition theory is a widespread explanation of the changing mold of humanity, fertility and increase rates as civilizations move from one demographic system to another. “The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others” (The Demographic Transition, 2012). There are four stages of demographic transition.

* Assuming that the demographic transition phase IV is a goal for developing countries, what two programs or initiatives would you suggest to assist

Some demographers believe that the demographic transition will happen to countries everywhere. With urbanization and modernization, they claim rates of natural increase will naturally fall. This is needed most, of course, in much of Asia, Africa, and Latin America where there is great poverty and rapid population growth. Most of the developed world has gone through the transition, and population in the wealthier countries is nearly stable. Detractors of this argument point out that those poorer countries today are very different from the wealthy ones during their early stages of economic growth. They also say the political and economic environment today also work to the disadvantage of the poor

Demographics are statistics of given populations or groups of people. These statistics can be in numerous areas including, but not limited to population, age, race/diversity, gender, military, politics, religion, and education. The changes in statistics of these demographic areas, are the areas that this essay will review. V

For many countries this was their transitional stage, the second stage in the demographic transition. Many countries have completely gone through the four stages of the demographic transition. However, some are still in stage two which is leading to large population growth. This large growth puts stress and harms the environment, which leads to consequences. The large growth leads to an overcrowded planet as well. That is why changes must be made to help slow and stabilize many countries

Demographic transition involves the changes a less industrialized country undergoes regarding birth rates and death rates from being an industrialized country. The change implies the reduction of birth and mortality rates from a less industrialized country into an industrialized country with reduced birth and death rates. Several countries, especially the European countries, exemplify this mode of transition in their historical information. Besides, the changes involved in demographic transition filters down to the environment in the long-run. The surrounding environment suffers from the expanded industrialization and due to the demographic transition (Smout, 2009).

The demographic transition is compiled of four stages that attempt to summarize the population shifts and economic development of countries. It is based on the levels of human fertility and mortality, birth rates, and death rates to be precise. These levels of birth and death have correlated with the evolution of industrialization and urbanization of areas. It illustrates the idea that over time there has been a shift from high birth rates and death rates to low rates of birth and death. It originated to describe the Western Experience in Europe, that first moved throughout the four stages.

Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a

The questions are raised as what and how the wealth is distributed or allocated among societies. Countries with similar average incomes can differ substantially when it comes to people’s quality of life such as social justice, access to education and health care, job opportunities, availability of clean air and safe drinking water, the threat of crime, freedom of speech, life expectancy, birth-death control, identity, culture, conservation, equal opportunities, environmental change. Development is important as it covers a wide range process involving cultural, economic, environmental, political, social and technological change of a country. Regarding goals and means of development, recent United Nations documents emphasize on human development measured by life expectancy, adult literacy, access to all three levels of education as well as people‘s average income which is a necessary condition of their freedom of choice. In other words, human development incorporates all aspects of individuals’ well -being from their health status to their economic and political freedom. The Human Development Report 1996 of UNDP focuses on development as the end and economic growth a

When considering the growth of the world’s population there Is a concentrated look at Four Main factors with a fifth element now ,slowly becoming a large factor.They are fertility rates, mortality rates (life expectancy), the initial age profile of the population (whether it is comparatively old or relatively young to begin with), migration, and now religion, where focus is placed on migrating to or from a particular faction.

In its most general and widespread understanding, demography is known as the study of human populations, in particular the size, progression, as well as its structure (McFalls, 2007). Demography itself is not a simple idea. Instead, it is a broad measure of various characteristics and behaviors of human populations. Because of this complexity, it is a very fundamental yet supreme concept that relates to many other crucial aspects in the world, namely: business, human resources, marketing, planning, as well as politics.

Population size and growth has been a subject matter of research oriented people and economists from the time immemorial. It is so because the absorption of resources of a country and people living in the country are closely correlated according to the Malthus theory of Population. Therefore, an attempt has been endeavoured to find initially the demographic transition occurred in superpower China (that has gone a long way in transforming its huge population into demographic dividend) the cause and effect relationship of the same and then moving on to the study of Indian demographic transition and how this transition can help in reaping the demographic dividends. Eventually the empirical tests have been done in order to find out the impact of different variables on the growth of population and how the same can be controlled. To support our study and arrive at useful conclusions, a vital comparison has been done with China that is holding a large demographic profile similar to India. The comparison has facilitated us to take lessons from the former country so that policies could be designed, modified and cautiously applied in our own country enabling us to suitably propose the recommendations. Lastly a vision for India is hoped for, where population is stabilized, population age structure is optimal and economic growth of the