Generally, researchers are interested in the population means. These may represent such numbers as the percentage of patients for whom a drug is effective, or how long does the particular drug take to bear its effects on patients etc. These parameters are estimated using samples, as they are not known in most cases. Though the sample means themselves are good estimates of the population means, statisticians are only able to say that it could be close to the true mean with some probability. Such as, if the drug has been effective on 75% of the sampled patients, a 90% confidence interval for the true percentage may be 75% ± 3% or 72% to 78% ; implying that the true percentage of patients for whom the drug is effective has 95% probability of being in this range as suggested by the sample. Before calculating such estimates for any population mean, one should understand what a confidence interval is. Confidence intervals display ranges of values for a specific probability that the true value of the parameter is located in within each range. These estimates are based on two facts: the probability distribution of all large sample means tend to be bell-shaped, and samples from bell-shaped distributions are more likely to be found close to their true means. So, the higher the levels of confidence, the wider these intervals. …show more content…
. Thanks to William Sealy Gosset (1876-1937), this theory can now be applied to estimation of means using small samples (where n < 30). He showed that small samples from bell-shaped distributions followed approximate z- distributions; and introduced the Student’s t- distributions, with adjustment for sample sizes through degrees of freedom (set as
The mean for the median column of the worksheet is 3.6Yes, the estimate is centered about the parameter of interest.
The mean for the column “mean” is 3.56. It is very close to the parameter of interest but is not equal to it. You can calculate a confidence interval for the mean of the mean column, but a specific confidence interval would need to be provided. In that case, the confidence interval would be centered on 3.56, not 3.5.
Compute the population mean margin of error for a 90% confidence interval when sigma is 7 and the sample size is 36.
A confidence interval is the range of values where the population parameter falls with a specified probability; this probability is referred to as level of confidence (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2010.) For the process under consideration, the parameter of interest is the mean driving time. Given the inherent variability of traffic conditions in urban areas, it is appropriate to find the confidence interval with a 90% level of confidence.
12. _____ For a given population, confidence intervals constructed from larger samples tend to be narrower than those constructed from smaller samples. Which statement below best describes why this is true? (A) The variability of the sample mean is less for larger samples. (B) The z-value for larger samples tends to be more accurate. (C) The population variance is larger for large populations. (D) As the sample size increases, the z-value (or t-value) becomes smaller. A machine dispenses potato chips into bags that are advertised as containing one pound of product. To be on the safe side, the machine is supposed to be calibrated to dispense 16.07 ounces per bag, and from long time observation, the distribution of the fill-weights is known to be approximately normal and the process is known to have a standard deviation of 0.15 ounces.
Marshall County Schools are located in Marshall County, Alabama. The county is surrounded by Madison and Jackson Counties to the north, Morgan County to the west, Cullman, Blount, and Etowah Counties to the south, and DeKalb County to the east. The majority of the schools are found in heavily populated rural areas. Marshall County is unique due to the fact that there are four city school districts in addition to the Marshall County School System. This poses a challenge concerning funding within the county. This is due to the fact that the city school systems are located in four of the largest cities within the county and compose approximately 90% of the tax base revenue for the county. Our county school system is made up of primarily rural communities that lack a viable tax base. This combined with the fact the Marshall County has such a high poverty rate in general (currently slightly above 81%) has left the county school system with little in regards to a local feasible and workable revenue source.
normally distributed, the 95% of all values will be within 2 standard deviations from the mean.
I started off by gathering research for the demographic factors that would be easy to find for both cities by looking at the US Census database as well as the American Community Survey database. I was able to get through this process fairly quickly because the US Census publishes ‘quick facts’ about each city and I was able to do a side by side comparison between San Jose, CA and St. Louis, MO. After filling out the main demographics, it was time to fill the table with health prevalence rates, number of uninsured people, food insecurity and etc. I was able to find a lot of the health rankings through BRFSS. CDC and County Health Rankings (refer to table for specific information). I used County Health Rankings in the case where I wasn’t able
How Can These Challenges Be Addressed. The changing of disability rates, the size of the economy and efforts at privatization may affect how much of an economic burden these programs will impose in the future. As a result, household financial wealth in the world's major economies will be roughly $31 trillion lower in 20 years than it would have been if historical demographic trends had persisted. Raising the retirement age, easing restrictions on immigration, encouraging families to have more children, and achieving faster economic growth will have little impact on this shortfall. To fill it, households and governments will have to increase their savings rates and national economies will have to allocate capital more efficiently, thereby boosting returns (Farrell, 2005).
Moffitt R. (2015). The Deserving Poor, the Family, and the U.S. Welfare System. Population Assistance of America
This document is the total ethnicity demographics within every individual Frisco ISD high school, middle school, and elementary school.Through these different statistical percentages, there is a visible trend that is seen in every Frisco ISD school is a sharp increase in the amount of Asians in each school. In specific schools, Asians are the largest minority and in certain schools are even the majority such as Fowler Middle School. This document highlights the increase in Asian representation within the schools and fulfills one aspect of the overall research components.
Pekin Illinois is a relatively small community located in Central Illinois half way between St. Louis and Chicago. It boasted a total community population of 33857 during the last census period of 2008. The total population consisted of roughly a 50/50 male to female ratio with a median age of 37.1 and represented 94.4% Caucasian, 2.4% African American, 1.9% Hispanic and 1.1% Asian races. Due to this population mix many of the culturally and racially indicated diseases states, such as type 2 diabetes, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases are not as prevalent as coronary heart disease and other related diseases such as heart failure, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol and obesity.
I will first introduce my study and explain why I’m conducting my study and what their responses will be used for.
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean is 66,438 to 80,241. This means that there is a 95% confidence that this interval has the population mean.
Right now at this very moment you can turn your TV on and watch just about anything that you want to, this also means so can your children. Do you know how much violence is being broadcasted through the media just today? Do you understand how this is affecting your child? Do you know that from birth to age 25 their brain is growing, and there are these neurons, "mirror neurons" that teach us to imitate what we see? What if it was your child who went to school with a gun? What if it was your child who was shot by a class mate? I believe that we as a country should force the media to limit the amount of violence that is being viewed by the public. Not just for ourselves but also for our children.