Demographic Transition Model In China And The United States

2,000 years ago the world, in terms of population, was only the size of the United States of America, 300 million people. Today, the world’s population is at seven billion and counting. If the population rose at a steady rate from year 0, we would’ve reached 1 billion people by about 210 A.D. This, however, was not the case. We reached 1 billion people in 1800 A.D, which means that there had to be very odd growth periods for the population as a whole REWORD ME. From 0 to 1000 A.D. the population only rose about 10 million people, “and well into the second millennium, [the population] grew less than 0.1 percent each year” [1]. However, from the year 1800, with 1 billion people worldwide, to 1930, the world gained another billion people. We then reached three billion people in 1960, five billion in 1987, and 7 billion in 2013. One can clearly see that once we entered the 19th century, the world’s population started growing like a 14 year old boy going through puberty; rapidly, and without any warning. One thing that can explain this growth is called the Demographic Transition.The Demographic Transition is a theory that explains the growth.

Demography is the science of human populations and their change over time, and the United States Census reveals important demographic changes decade-by-decade that affect politics, government and public policy. One of the most important demographic trends is that the U.S. has become a far more multicultural and multilingual society than it was in 1960, due in part from changes in the immigration laws in 1965 that abolished the quota system of the National Origins Act that favored European immigrants. As a result, Asians and Hispanics have been the majority of new immigrants over the past forty years and states like California and Texas already have majority-minority populations or soon will have. At some point in the 21st Century, the U.S. as a whole is going to become a majority-minority society for the first time in its history. Another major demographic trend is the rapid growth of the over-65 population as the Baby Boom generation begins to retire, which will mean heavier expenditures on federal entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security. Elderly voters are also the most politically active group, especially when protecting these key safety net programs, and this has become a major political and public policy issue in recent years.

Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America, is a textbook example of a country firmly in stage 2 of the demographic transition model. A country steeped in rich culture, Guatemala still has a sizeable population of Mayans, the ethnic group that populated the geographical region pre-colonization. This minority is often the victim of marginalization, much like the Native Americans of the United States. This, combined with the pressures of a rapidly increasing population, create many complicated issues for the country to deal with as its next generation comes of age.

A Reuters article from April 13, 2015 titled “China to surpass U.S. as top cause of modern global warming” talked about how China has overtaken the U.S. as the lead pollution in the world and what this means in the fight against global warming. To describe the transition to being the world’s largest emitter, the article quoted Glen Peters of the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, who said, “A few years ago China 's per capita emissions were low, its historical responsibility was low. That 's changing fast.” The article then shifted its focus to how we should pin responsibility for global warming in order to pressure its main contributors into becoming more energy efficient.

At present time, Canada is facing a significant demographic transition in its population. From last century, the decrease in mortality, fertility and the increase in life expectancy lead to vast changes in Canada’s population. Aging of Canada’s population becomes more and more severer. This research paper is to study the correlation between demographic transition in Canada and how does the transition impact on economic growth. To be more specifically, demographics variables can include life expectancy, fertility and mortality; economic growth variables can include labour force and public expenditure.

Chinese Immigration to the United States in the nineteenth century until 1870 was shaped by a combination of factors including internal political turmoil and financial instability throughout China, growing western Imperial and economic influences in South East Asia, China 's deepening trade deficit with European nations, and industrial and technological innovations. Concurrently, the rising demand for inexpensive labour during the California Gold Rush, (1848-1858) development of national railway projects, and the range of economic possibilities in America provided many Chinese Sojourners with the opportunity to support their families and villages at home. Therefore, an understanding of the international context of Chinese immigration to America is necessary to fully understand the dynamics and complexity of the period.

In “Save the Earth, Buy Less” Jared Blumenfeld that “China will overtake the United States next year to become the world’s largest producer of greenhouse gases The most worrying threat to our planet at the present time is global warming. Global warming is a massive problem for one to solve, but we can create positive change by making environmentally-conscious personal choices and inspiring others to take collective action. I believe we all can take actions to reduce the global warming: we can reduce pollution, we can recycle products and we can conserve water. These all actions can contribute to making our planet a “greener” place to live.

According to table 1.1, Israel’s population is increasing at a moderate rate. The nation has a Rate of National Increase of 13.33. With a life expectancy of 82.27, Israel’s population is aging, yet not to an extreme extent due to a crude birth rate of 18.48. Israel’s population pyramid does exhibit their birth rate, as a significant portion of the population is generally young. Their population pyramid does exhibit the effect of WWII and the following search for independence as a Jewish state, as the elderly population is lower for a nation of Israel’s status, However, the offspring of Jewish European migrants is seen in the population pyramid along the middle age ranges.

In a changing nation, population trends, along with other upcoming trends are affecting the healthcare industry. Changes in demographic trends, such as the aging population, the increased presence of minority groups, and rising fertility rates are very much present within our nation, making the need for healthcare providers to adapt their care to fit the entire population. Assessments of areas in terms of the age and race must be conducted annually if the healthcare system is to accommodate the change in healthcare needs. Latinos are more likely to suffer from Lupus than any other race in America. African-Americans are more likely to face diabetes. In fact, over the next few decades, the non-white population is expected to be the fasted growing group (Vespa, Armstrong, & Medina, 2018) in the United States.

Immigration is an issue that has been considered a hot topic for quite some time now. The United States is considered a great place to be by foreign people because of all of the opportunities that await those willing to pack up and move their lives. While there are multiple reasons as to why an immigrant would want to come to the United States, the biggest reason would have to be for economic opportunity. According to Charissa Cheah, “As of 2010, 4.8% of the total U.S. population was Asian, and the Chinese were the largest Asian American ethnic group” (Cheah 31). Chinese immigration to the United States is particularly interesting because of how different the two cultures are. When Chinese immigrants come over, there is

The line chart illustrates the percentage of American and China births and how these rates changed from 1920 to 2000.

In 2017, the world population is at 7.5 billion people. China is the most populated country in whole world. It has “1.379 billion” (Google) people making it the largest populated country. China is also the most largest aging population making it have a high life expectancy and the high accelerating aging rate in the world (Zheng, 2012). China has advanced with technology and also with age. Only “three decades ago, only 5 percent of the populations was over 65; today, 123 million people, or 9 percent of the population, are over this age which a report released by the government states that China will be the world's’ most aged society in 2030” (Huang, 2013). Since, China is the most largest aging population this means that less people are dying and more are living. Since, more people are living this means that need of long-term care, health insurance, adjustment of policies and how to make everyone comfortable living. China is the only country that has an older population exceeding 100 million and annually increases at a rate of 3.2. A dependent territory of China is Hong kong that has “7.347 million people” (Google). Hong kong also has a fast growing aged population. Hong kong is also trying to adjust their long-term care system, pensions system and policies to accommodate everyone living situation.

The demographic transition model is a picture of population change over a period. In 1929 American demographer, Warren Thompson, observes the changes or shifts in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over a 200 year period. There are four stages of the Demographic Transition Model; Stage One (Pre-Modern) or High Flunctuating, up through the 18th Century and mostly agricultural, Crude Birth Rates (CBR) and Crude Birth Rates (CDR) are both high (30-50 per thousand). The population growth is slow and fluctuating. Infectious diseases and poor hygienic behaviors and not having clean drinking water mean few children nor adults can survive if there is little or no access to medicine. In Stage Two, Early Expanding, there is a rising population rate (CBR) increase and a (CDR) decline. High birth rates and low death rates mean life longer expectancy of a population resulting in population growth. It also means better sanitation conditions, better food quality and having the necessary medicine to combat illnesses. Transitioning to Stage Three, Late Expanding there is a decline in CDR and CBR. The population rises and birth rate fall. Living standards and income levels change for the better. Women have fewer children, become players in the workforce and seek higher educational levels along with their male counterparts. In Stage Four or Low Fluctuating , the human population stabilizes due to little CDR but more

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Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a