Demographic Winter and Its Effects on the Society Essay

First of all, the demography is the study of human’s inhabitants. The population change over time because childbirths, deaths, and migration. Also, the population size can be reflecting by fertility, mortality, and migration. The fertility is the ability of women to product healthy offspring in abundance. On other word, it is the ability of a women to get pregnant. However, fertility depends into feelings, way of life, food habits, and take alcohol and other drugs. In demography, there are measures for fertility which is the crude birth rate and it is every twelve months’ quantity of live births for each thousand people in a population. The second thing that affect population size is mortality which means the quantity of death in inhabitants

1. What is A? Why is it there? Why should we care? Lake Baikal, head water to the Lena River and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lake Baikal is said to be the Galapagos of Russia and was formed by a rift zone that is no longer active.

In Chapter 15: Aging and the Elderly, the U.S. birth rate has been falling for more than a century. It happens because children are more likely to survive into adulthood, and so couple have fewer children. As more women work outside the home, they choose to have fewer children. Greater material wealth and advances in medicine have raised living standards so that people benefit from better housing and more nutrition. The oldest segment of the U.S. population, is increasing rapidly and is already forty times greater than in 1900.

In the 1800s most families had about seven children, then in the industrial era the families had about three or four children. The reason that the average of children dropped in this era was due to couples waiting longer to get married or spacing the pregnancies out. One of the big causes of fewer children in this era was because of contraceptives. Contraceptives were just discovered and many couples realize that it was a very effective method. With families having fewer children their main concern was getting their children educated and have knowledge about the economy, so they would be successful in the real world. Education became more populated this time in history, about 71% of children ages five to eighteen went to school. Women became

People are living longer because of significant improvements to health care system that has occurred over a five-year period, a drop of individuals who smoke has resulted in a decline of people who suffer from smoking-induced conditions like lung and heart disease, the numbers of people who smoke have gone from 19 percent to 16 percent. Moreover, a fall in child and infant death rates by 20 percent from 2007 - 2012 has also added to increased life expectancy. Falling fertility rates (TFR) have also been declining which is also a cause of an ageing population. The fertility rate have been falling for an extended period, with TFR, being its highest in 1961 at 2.1 but since then it has gradually declined and in 1999 it was at its lowest of 1.75 and as 2014 was 1.80 and now in 2016 is

There are many key demographic indicators that make up each country. One of them is the crude birth rate. In Canada for example, the crude birth rate is 11 which is considered low. The crude birth rate is the number of live births per thousand of population per year. When this is compared to the world birth rate it is a little lower. According to the table provided the crude birth rate is a stable indicator. It is stable because it has not changed much in recent years and is pretty even to the region of Canada. Because it is stable, it is also a good environment to live in. The birth rate is low because in Canada there are higher standards of living, in addition to higher education levels. With the total fertility rate being low, that can come in the factor of the low birth rate from the last couple of years. 2.1 children per woman are required to replace the population in the absence of migration. Some key factors of why the fertility rate fell were for 3 costly events that affected a lot of countries. First in the 1930s it had a big decline due to the great depression. In the 1970s it also declined due to the energy crisis. The last major event was in 2011 and it was the Great Recession. With the Great Recession there were high unemployment rates. During the Great Depression period the total fertility rate was declining because there were many couples that used birth control to limit their family size.

The world environment was changed through globalization through environmental challenges, global health, and modern day terrorism. As scientific technology increased scientist were able to study the effects of fossil fuels on the atmosphere. In their findings they found that the buildup of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) had been building up in the

There is a startling decline in birthrates. Never before has fertility fallen so far and fast. It is a revolutionary change. This is an industrial country. Japan hardly seems to be a need for more people, but if fertility rate stays the same by the end of the century japan's population of a 127 million will shrink in half. The decline is becoming a national crisis. People aged 65 and older will make up 38% of the population, outnumbering under 14 year olds at 10%. The reason for the decline in the population is because of high life expectancy. Birthrate is declining because women don't get married til they can have at least 1 child, unmarried women are less likely to have children, and women who don't have children have more job opportunities. Japan's population looks like indians but turned upside down. The elderly live longer than anyone else. There will soon not be enough young people working to support the

In US. Double birthrate went along to a list full of 2014, one more record detects.

The hesitation that couples have and the higher use of contraceptives has also impacted this demographic transition. According to, Population Education “The rate of decline is dependent on economic and social factors at play- the quicker gains are made in areas such as education and gender equality, the faster birth rates decline” (Grover, 2014). It is easily noticeable that as couples choose to allow money to dictate the decisions they make, in particularly having a kid, the less births will

But, even using standardized death rates, we can conclude that there has been a marked mortality decline in Asian countries. Particularly remarkable is the decline in infant mortality. The former infant mortality of 200 per 1,000 for India has now been reduced to half. In almost all countries it is far below the 100 per 1,000 levels. Burma, however, with an infant mortality rate of slightly more than 100 per 1,000 is an exception. Also, while observing mortality rate, birth rate is considered in why Asian population growth is phenomenal. The birth rate in boys is 9.17 births per 1,000 population and for girls 8.39 births per 1,000 population giving it a total of 17.56 births per 1,000 population, being much higher than the United States which is at 12.7 per 1,000 population.

As you can see, the population has been increasing rapidly over the last 10 years, very much so, due to the large amount of immigrants. Also due to the large amounts of immigrants, the fertility rates would probably increase because the most countries that the immigrants come from have very high fertility rates.

reasons: low fertility and rising life expectancy, a stronger post-war ‘baby boom’ and net immigrations. As the rapid development of economy in recent decades, ageing population has become a serious problem especially in developed countries. One significant reason for Australia ageing population is that an increasing number of families prefer to have less babies than before.

Over the same period, the birth rate in China varied more significantly than in the US. It dropped to 5% from 1940 to 1945 before reaching the highest point of the whole line graph, 20%, in 1950. By contrast, 5 years later, the birth rate in China decreased rapidly by over 10%, falling to approximately 2% in

Population Growth and Natural Resources 73 3.2 Economic Theories of Population Growth In this section the demographic transition process observed in the previous section will be examined in terms of economic theories. 3.2.1 The Malthus model Thomas Robert Malthus …1766±1834† is known as a pioneer in the economic theory of population. His Principle of Population …[1798]