Dengue Epidemic : Dengue Virus

West Nile Virus is known as an arthropod-born virus, or an arbovirus, and are transmitted and sustained within blood feeding arthropods, such as the mosquito. The disease, while having no apparent effect on the host, is then transmitted as the mosquito takes a blood meal. As the source of infection, the mosquito or other blood feeding arthropod is known as a primary vector. However, because the life cycle of the mosquito is reletively short an additional host is needed to maintain the life cycle of the virus.

Pest Control Frisco Tx wants to help protect you and your family from the potential health problems associated with mosquitoes. There are several dangerous virus strains that are spread through mosquitoes including West Nile and Zika. You can reduce the chances of your family becoming sick from West Nile or Zika by protecting them from mosquito bites. These tips will give you the information you need to protect your family from mosquito bites while they are outdoors.

By getting the virus from a bite the mosquito must already be infected itself. There are studies currently happening trying to figure out how long exactly does the virus stay inside the semen and vaginal fluids of those who are infected, also being studied is how long it can be passed to their partners. Although the U.S. hasn't seen any cases of the disease being transmitted by blood transfusion it has been seen in other places in the world. An example would be the French Polynesian outbreak, around 2% of those donating blood tested positive for Zika however, in previous outbreaks the virus was also found. Just one case in the United States shows of someone getting ill through a laboratory yet, prior situations show four cases of someone getting the virus in a laboratory

West Nile virus is the most significant exotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (“FAQ: West Nile Virus,” par. 3).

West Nile virus is transmitted by numerous mosquito species and can vary geographically. The American Association of Equine Practitioners says, “The virus and mosquito host interactions result in

It spreads to humans primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito species (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). Symptoms of this virus is either mild or do not have any symptoms at all. If it does show any symptoms, then it lasts up to a week. If pregnant women are infected with Zika virus then it can result in birth defects called microcephaly and even other severe brain defects.

West Nile virus is found on every continent except Antarctic. “West Nile virus was first isolated in Uganda in 1937 from the blood of a native Ugandan woman, and until the end of the 20th century was considered a cause of viral encephalitis limited only in Africa and Asia.” It did not become a global concern until 1999 when it was introduced to North America.in New York City Hundreds to thousands of cases before 1996 were mostly in rural populations and were rarely severe. The primary host of West Nile virus is avian species, birds. Other infected organisms can include humans and other mammals with horses being the most common. The main way the disease is transmitted is through a bite of infected mosquitoes, specifically Culex species. The virus may also be transmitted between individuals through blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and although rare it can be transmitted from the mother to newborns either through intrauterine route or breast-feedings. West Nile virus can be dived into seven genetic lineage strains. “Lineage one is the most widespread, containing isolate found in Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, and Australia… Lineage two strains are mainly distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, but in the last decade they have been introduced in Europe. Lineage three contains a strain

Matthew Wilson Professor DeHay CSS 1302-21 3 October 2016 Zika Virus Speech Outline 1) Introduction a) Mosquitoes can harbor the Zika virus. b) The Zika virus is a flavivirus that originated in tropical Africa. c) Thesis – New information is available about the transmission, symptoms, and risks associated with the Zika virus from scientists and medical personnel who are working to reduce its spread worldwide. 2) Zika is a contagious virus that can be transmitted through both mosquito-to-person, and person-to-person interaction. a) Mosquito to person interaction i) Two-thirds of the world’s population lives in Aedes infested areas (Ibrahim, 2).

The West Nile Virus, which originated in Africa, is a deadly disease typically transmitted by mosquitoes to humans and mammals. However, the virus can also cycle between humans and birds. A small number of cases have been transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, being exposed in a lab, and a mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a disease that generally is transmitted by mosquitos and can infect a number of organisms along with humans. Typically this virus reaches its peak of transmission when mosquitoes are most prevalent throughout the year, these months being from spring to fall. Fortunately, those who are infected with this illness generally do not show symptoms but those who do, can develop a fever which can sometimes result in a wide range of symptoms even death. It is important to take precautions during the peak months of mosquito abundance; precautions include wearing clothing that covers the body or even wearing bug repellent. It is important to understand this disease because it affects the human species and can result in death. Furthermore, we have seen a fluctuation in where this disease occurs over the years. We may see an outbreak in one state, but the following year may be different and no outbreak may occur. Lastly, the goal of this study is to investigate and determine what variables contribute to these fluctuations in this avian borne illness.

At present scientists from CSIRO research institute are studying mosquitoes and other insects that carry and transmit disease causing viruses in order to gain knowledge on the viruses they carry, how they develop immunity against them and how to best prevent or manage these animal and human health

Vector-borne disease organisms are important factors that promote the evolutionary increases of virulence. Disease organisms transmitted through vectors like mosquitoes, tend to be much more damaging than diseases that are simply transmitted by people coughing or sneezing (droplet transmission). In vector- borne diseases immobilizing the host does not prevent transmission, but it might even enhance it. Experimental studies indicate that mosquitoes are better able to bite a laboratory animal when it is sick with a vector-borne disease such as malaria than when it is healthy

Since, Sika affect human beings it important to do experiment to understand how sika virus reproduces, how its transmitted and how it can be prevented and that can only be done through scientific experiment. The infected mosquito feed on a human and transmits RNA virus. Moreover, the sika virus is similar in sequence to dengue virus and it’s a relative non-pathogenic in healthy adults. In addition, only 1 in 4 infected person present symptoms such as rash, headache, red eyes, fever, joint pain since all of the effects are mild in a few days the person is fine. As a result, most don’t go to the doctor and don’t even know that they are infected. Once the zika virus hit the Americas it was discovered that it had new consequences of the diseases that were not previously shown. Zika virus has many consequences such as congenital infection, pregnancy complications such as microcephaly, still birth as even miscarriage. In addition, it was recently discovered that there might be other consequences of the virus that have not being discover and

The four dengue viruses are closely related,they share approximately 65% of their genomes, but even within a single serotype, there is some genetic variability (8).Even though there are variations, infection with each of the dengue serotypes results in the same disease and symptoms. The virus thrives in tropical and subtropical climates across the globe. It originated as an infectious agent in primates and apes and it has since evolved with humans.

Malaria is a virus transmitted by a vector known as the mosquito. When pregnant female mosquitos hunger for human blood spreads the virus. Malaria can also be spread via blood to blood, such as transfusions, organ donation, and childbirth. Mosquitoes acquire the virus when biting an infected human. Malaria has two hosts the human and the mosquito. The virus is transmitted from the mosquito via saliva when being bit. The parasite begins it journey in humans in the liver then in a week going into the blood and disrupting normal red blood cell activity. When a mosquito has a blood meal from a infected person the parasite is the transmitted and develops to become a cyst and entering infective state traveling to the mosquitoes salivary glands waiting to be transmitted to a new host.