Depression: Aaron Beck's Cognitive Theory Of Depression

The World Health Organization’s quality of life survey allowed me to explore the meaning of well-being in my life. From physical health and psychological health to social relationships and environmental health, many aspects of well-being were assessed and examined. I learned that well-being in not just ones physical well-being but an accumulation of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health.

“A positive sense of wellbeing which

- Wellbeing is the condition or state of a human being, animal or plant. There are five types of wellbeing…

Beck (1967) provides a psychological explanation of MD from a cognitive perspective. He proposes a cognitive theory of depression that includes the primary negative triad in depression, which reflects “three major cognitive patterns” that depicts how depressed individuals view themselves, the world and the future “in an idiosyncratic way”. This theory focuses on negative schema and dysfunctional attitudes contributing to MD, which can be clarified as inflexible cognitive structures that negatively filter and bias information (Hankin et al., 2009). Support for this theory is demonstrated by Boury et al (2001) in the exploratory study monitoring student’s negative thoughts with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), where it was found that “BDI-II

Depression is a health condition that can affect a person emotionally and physically. Untreated, depression can even lead to suicide, which is the third-leading cause of death among people under the age of 18 (“Antidepressant Drugs” 1). Depression

The purpose of this paper is to explain my definition of Intellectual, emotional, social and physical wellness. Also the purpose is to set certain goals for myself so I have a standard that I can attain to.

Depression is a growing problem in today’s modern society. In the United States sixteen million adults currently suffer from clinical depression. This leads to over thirty thousand suicides, and five hundred thousand suicide attempts amongst Americans every year. Even people in a “perfect” world can not escape this reality. Bernard from Brave New World suffers bouts of depression often. Depression is a growing issue that is not always recognized for its severity, nor treated with the attention it requires, which only results in the worsening of the issue. Despite the lack of attention, depression is one of the nation’s leading causes of disability. It is an easily treatable mental health disorder, and with rising general knowledge and awareness

Depression is a mental health mood disorder that affects a person’s ability to function in the society, and it has increased over the years. It affects 1 in 6 persons in the United States or approximately 17.6 million Americans yearly (Andrew & Brenner, 2012). Depression affects a person’s ability to function physically, socially, psychologically and economically. . It does not only affect the individual it also affects the family and friends. It is estimated that 10-14 million people yearly will be diagnosed with depression and women age 18- 48 account for the largest proportion (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2009). Although depression is diagnosed more in women than in men, men are more likely to commit suicide due to depression. The factor of men that commit suicide is 4.5: 1. White men comite78% of all suicide, 56% of suicide in male involve firearm while poison is more common among women. The increase in depression is caused by chronic illness, personal life experiences and life style changes. And the economic cost is estimated at $30- 44 billion annually in the United States (Andrew & Brenner, 2012). Detecting depression early and using the appropriate treatment will prevent frequent

In this day and age depression is a catchword. It is applied to all imaginable situations, from grieving after the loss of a loved one to simple foul moods. Although such a loose usage of the word is hardly warranted, the statistics of the World Health Organization suggest that there is some real basis behind it: about 4-5% of the world's population suffer from depression, and it is the reason behind about 60% of all suicides (1). United States is ahead of the world's quota in this sad race: according to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 9.5% of the population (or about 18.8 million adults) experience a depressive disorder in any given year (2). With such

Depression is a life threatening mental health disorder which is characterized by a persistent depressed mood or loss of interest in things you once enjoyed. In the United States alone there is about three million cases of depression per year and an estimate of 5,000 Americans between the ages 15 and 24 who take their own life due to this disorder. Since the last estimate the suicides have tripled from the year 1960 according to the Mental Health of America (Mental Health of America #1). Suicide has become the third leading cause of death in adolescents and the second cause of death among college-age youth. This disorder can make it very hard to live your normal everyday life. You can have overwhelming feeling of sadness, frustration and irritability. Some teens do

The two theories argue that cognition stresses on one`s thought and beliefs, giving more information on how feelings are not directly caused by an event or a given situation but is according to the way Jane will attach the situation ,the two theories expertise more on treatment planning and conceptualization cases (Frey & Wellman, 2007). Rational emotional behavioral therapy disputes on irrational beliefs while cognitive therapy is formulation driven. In addition, they argue that beliefs thoughts and interpretations about oneself is a notion one shall have in his or her life time.

In this essay I will define and discuss the concepts of ‘positive psychology’, of ‘happiness’, which is synonymous with subjective well-being (SWB); of ‘the architecture of sustainable happiness’; and the biopsychosocial model. I aim to demonstrate that SWB is a multifaceted and can only be understood by investigating biological, psychological and social factors and their interdependence to construct a holistic model. I will provide examples of these different factors and their interdependence and explain why the biopsychosocial paradigm is the best for understanding happiness and conclude that SWB is indeed a ‘biopsychosocial phenomenon’.

People with negative self-schemas are more prone to develop cognitive distortions (Beck, 1967). Beck (1967) believes that the cognitive triad worsens the cognitive distortions. The three mechanisms interact with each other to produce automatic negative thoughts (Beck, 1967). Also, these negative thoughts will persist even though there are contrary evidence presented to the person. Beck (1967) developed an intervention based on his cognitive theory and the intervention is the cognitive therapy, which is still currently use to treat patients today. A quotation by Laurence Sterne suggested that once a person has a hypothesis or theory, everything observed and collected will fit into the hypothesis or theory. As a result, the hypothesis or theory will grow stronger. This quotation is true for Beck on his cognitive theory of depression. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to evaluate Beck’s cognitive theory of depression and its consequences on the science of

Hopelessness Theory of Depression. The hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson et al., 1989), which is a based on the reformulated theory of helplessness and depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978), provides a conceptualization for the underlying vulnerability in the proposed integrative biopsychosocial etiological model discussed in this review. The hopelessness theory of depression is a cognitive diathesis-stress model that outlines a series of three cognitive inference tendencies that interact with each other and negative life events to contribute to the etiology of MDD (Abramson et al., 1989). These three cognitive inference tendencies include: (1) inferring stable and global causes for the event, (2) inferring negative consequences of the event, and (3) inferring negative self-characteristics as a result of the event (Abramson et al., 1989). The hopelessness theory of depression hypothesized that the depressogenic inferential style was one that included all three of the cognitive inference tendencies (Abramson et al., 1989). Furthermore, the theory posited that the objective severity of the negative event required to result in an episode of MDD was inversely proportional to level of the depressogenic inferential style, such that the higher the cognitive vulnerability, the lower the objective severity of the triggering life event, and vice-versa (Abramson et al., 1989).

The notion of a good life can be observed from subjective to the objective, where this spectrum incorporates a number of existing quality of life theories. We call this spectrum the integrative quality-of-life (IQOL) theory and discuss the following aspects in this paper: well-being, satisfaction with life, happiness, meaning in life, the biological information system (“balance”), realizing life potential, fulfillment of needs, and objective factors. Well Being: The most natural aspect of the subjective quality of life is well being. The quality of life is seen here in terms of an assessment of one’s own quality of life. When we meet other people, we always say, "How are you? or "How’s life?" We are thus asking that person to give us an evaluation of their quality of life. Satisfaction with Life: When people are asked whether they are satisfied with life, they often say that something or other is amiss. People are usually less satisfied with life than their state of well-being would