Depression Among Transgenders In Australia

Health disparities in the Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual and Transgender community that lack fair treatment. This population deals with many adversities due to their sexual orientation and gender identity. LGBT’s community consists of a diverse population of people who come from all walks of life ((Howard, 2016). Many LBGT’s will delay or not seek health care due to stigma and lack of fair treatment. In other words, they believe that they are discriminated against.

Delay of seeing a healthcare provider on the basis of fear increases the development of severe illnesses in older LGBT populations. It exacerbates healthcare costs, can put a strain on mental health, and overall decreases wellbeing (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2014). Although there is not a calculated cost to be found within the older LGBT community, the delaying of necessary preventative tests, medical treatment, or mental health can worsen current symptoms. This can increase emergency room visits, an already expensive system, thus increasing healthcare costs (Meyer, 2011). In addition to declining physical wellbeing, these adults lack social support systems as they are “twice as likely to live alone, and more than four times as likely to have no children, as compared to heterosexual adults (Gendron et

In this article, the key research questions and hypothesis proposed are: 1) does the family acceptance and supportive behavior predicts show a difference in "…self-esteem, social support, general health status, depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, and behaviors" (cite?) and can be influential to the health and mental health of LGBT adolescents and young adults? 2) Can the relationship between family and their children 's LGBT identity as they go into adulthood effect their health and mental health status? The hypothesis states that being accepted of LGBT adolescents can be connected to a decreased in mental and behavior health 's then increasing the chance of having positive influences in the phases of their adulthood.

The transgender population often have complicated medical needs and encounter numerous health disparities including discrimination, lack of access to quality health care and social stigma. Some health disparities include various chronic diseases, cancers, as well as mental health issues (Vanderbilt University, 2017). Transgender individuals are at increased risk of HIV infection with their rates being reported “over four times the national average of HIV infection, with higher rates among transgender people of color (Grant, Mottet, Tanis, 2011).” In addition, they usually do not have health insurance (Makadon, 2017) and have a lower probability of preventative cancer screenings in transgender men (AMSA, 2017).

The young people of the LGBT community do in fact have increased risks when it comes to their mental health. For example: Compared to homeless youth that identify as heterosexual, LGBT adolescents are more likely to have major depressive episodes (41.3% vs. 28.5%), suicidal thoughts (73% vs. 53.2%), at least one suicide attempt (57.1% vs. 33.7%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (47.6% vs. 33.4%) (Keuroghlian, A. S., Shtasel, D., & Bassuk, E. L., 2014). It is also shown that homeless youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, ranging from 13 to 21 years of age are more apt than youth who identify as heterosexual to experience and report symptoms of depression and use street drugs such as, methamphetamines, cocaine and or crack (Keuroghlian, A. S., Shtasel, D., & Bassuk, E. L., 2014).

There is a need for increased culturally meaningful mental health services specific to the LGBTQ community. Members of the LGBTQ community are at increased risk for a number of mental health problems and

The purpose of this study was to prove how minority stress correlates with mental health within the transgender community. As defined by Meriam-Webster Dictionary, transgender “is relating to, or being a person who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person 's sex at birth” (Merriam-Webster, 2016). For example, male to female, or female to male. However, researchers in this study used the minority stress model, which suggested that the stress associated with stigma, prejudice, and discrimination will increase rates of psychological distress in the transgender population (Bockting, Miner…& Coleman, 2013). As evident from past research, physical violence, verbal harassment and employment discriminations were some of the many types of societal prejudices. In fact, as seen in the article, these stresses create depression, anxiety, and other types of mental illness within the transgender community. However, researcher’s goals were to see exactly how these different variables increased levels of stress. For example, was there negative types of stigma that were less or more server, and what could help to alleviate stress?

In the United States Transgender women (individuals who are sex-assigned male at birth but identify as female) experience high rates of severe depression due to pervasive discrimination that they face in society. According to Hoffman (2014), when compared to the general population, Transgender individuals experience much higher rates of depression with estimates as high as 62% (as cited in Clements-Noel, Marx, Guzman, and Katz, 2001). Due to these high rates of depression, Transgender women are at increased risk for overall negative health outcomes, which severely limits them from living happy, healthy, and productive lives. According to studies by Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Nguyen, and Sugano, (2005) there is a growing understanding of the

Whether transgenderism should be considered a mental illness is the subject of much dispute (Comer, 2014). Although individuals with GD in Western society show considerably higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms than the general population, this does not hold true in all societies. For instance, gender atypical males in Samoan society, called Fa’afafine, do not show any unusually high rates of psychological distress (Vasey & Bartlett, 2007). The same is true of Hijra, or third gender people, throughout India and other parts of South Asia (Nanda, 1990). This is likely due to the fact that these groups experience a level

The sexual identity and uncertainty not only in minorities but across the globe and the concerns related the mental stability, stress levels suicide rate, and human rights implicated in the United Nations and according to International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (2017) throughout the world. Although the cultural and social barriers do exist, the LGBT community as a whole does exhibit a certain unity for the protection and discrimination of its members.

“Men are more easily threatened by a gender-deviance manipulation than are women...homosexual men are not endowed with the generally higher status of their gender; on the contrary, they are vilified and victimized (Rudman & Glick, 175). The component of understanding and accepting one’s gender identity becomes a challenge when society has a pre-established norm and structure. As a result, many gay individuals had committed suicide to escape the mental torment and threat from society.

I have chosen to discuss the effects of anxiety and depression on transgendered people. For this paper I am using Transgender to mean: “ a term used to describe people whose gender identity differs from the sex the doctor marked on their birth certificate.” (Gladd.org)

A research study done in 1999 indicated that young, non-heteronormative individuals who disclose their sexual orientation have an increased risk of suicidal behaviour and thoughts, as well as increased risk of mental issues (ref). This highlights the relationship between sexual orientation and mental health.

People who are part of the LGBTQ community can get things like depression and anxiety when people are constantly putting them down for being ‘out of the closet’.”They hide their private lives from colleagues, and clients for fear of homophobia…”(The Guardian 1). This is a prime example of the homophobia that queer people deal with all the time. They can get anxiety from worrying about what people would think if someone knew that they were homosexual. They can also get depression from everyone saying that being homosexual “is a sin”, or” it’s

There are many minorities in the United States of America making it one of the largest melting pots in the world. Unfortunately, due to the vast variety of people, there are many minorities that lack the proper access to healthcare resources that cater to their healthcare needs both mentally and physically. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community, also known as the LGBT community, face many hurdles when it comes to receiving the proper healthcare. They also encompass many different races, religions, ethnicities and social classes. According to a recent national and state-level population-based surveys, “8 million adults in the US are lesbian, gay, or bisexual, comprising 3.5% of the adult population” (Gates, 2011). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people face many challenges and barriers accessing the proper health services. Many of the challenges the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community faces stems from