Depression And Nonfatal Depression, Leading Causes Of Depression

Depression is a feeling of severe despondency and dejection according to the google dictionary. It first appeared in Mesopotamia, where they believed that depression was a demonic possession and often used priest to attend to patients with depression. The original word for depression was melancholia and it was seen as a mental or spiritual illness rather than a physical one. With the help of great psychologists and psychiatrists such as Emil Kraepelin, Kurt Schneider, and Sigmund Freud, the science and research of depression was able to advance over time. In terms of African American women, they have higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to White American women. This could be due to many problems such as poverty, resources, emotional resilience, and social support.

Article Review 2 results stated that overall every day discrimination showed higher odds of any psychiatric disorder, anxiety, mood and more lifetime DSM- IV disorders. Furthermore it tends to agree with Article review one, in that, depression is a major factor for the older African American.

This can be problematic that can effect societal beliefs that can have a profound effect on how depression is diagnose due to racism. There is also a correlation on how Caucasian-Americans and African-Americans are treated differently when being diagnose with mental health disorders like depression. For example, Utsey, Chae, Brown, and Kelly (2002) found that for people of Color, cultural racism was related to lower levels of quality of life and that Blacks reported more experiences of individual and cultural race-related stress than other people of Color and had equal levels of institutional race-related stress. It is detrimental to address abnormalities of this of increase depression disorders due to racism against African-Americans because it can show correlations of socioeconomic status of African-Americans are placed into due to

The purpose of the current study was to examine “whether racial discrimination and any of the coping strategies were related to depressive symptoms” (Seaton, et al., 2014, p. 885) in Black American youth. The authors mention that there have been studies which indicate “perceptions of racial discrimination have been linked to lower life satisfaction levels, decreased

In a study conducted by the Minnesota Department of Health (2003), researchers addressed mental health disparities between communities of color and the White community in several areas of health and well-being. Results indicated that although the amount of Asian Americans and African Americans students living in Greater Minnesota is relatively small, they reported much higher levels of several key risk behaviors than do their counterpart. More specifically, African Americans tend to score twice as worse as their White counterparts in most areas (sexual activity, fighting, emotional distress, smoking, drinking, family ties, activities, and etc.).

In conclusion, using a logistic regression to predict depression in minority populations can be an effective in determining how to best help minority groups with stress coping mechanisms to prevent the likelihood of depression. Meyers (2008), stated that stress theory provides a useful approach to understanding the relationship between pervasive prejudice and discrimination and health outcomes. This research would be useful in assisting mental health professionals developing strategies to best help minority populations

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) reported in 2010 that Major Depression was the most common mental disorder in the United States, with the World Health Organization following that it carries the heaviest burden of disability among mental and behavioral disorders. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health noted that 6.7% of the US population (18 and older) had been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) showing that 18-25 years of age was the most affected at 10.3%. In 2015 the NIMH reported that, 16.1 million adults had at least one major depressive episode yearly, this number representing 6.7% of all US adults. Statistically females were affected greater than males, 8.5% vs 4.7%, and those of mixed races (2 or more) carry a higher burden of disease at 12.2% as opposed to whites at 7.5 %.

Depression is caused by inequalities in societies that directly trickle down to the local people. Disparities in the application of health care services and other social services have created major gaps in the society. Ideally, the disparities have trickled down to the lifestyle of different people in the society and have affected in their mental state to a point that they have been affected by depression.

Depression is a very common mental health disorder after anxiety disorders. Depression affects 7% of the adults in the whole united states but within a whole lifetime 21% Americans. Men and Women may experience depression differently. Women are affected at twice at the rate of men. While men that have depression have a more likely to die of suicide. There can

Depression, a mental illness, with symptoms dealing with mood and emotion affects Americans of all age, gender, and race. While depression affects all individuals it is concluded that African American and other minority races had a higher rate of depression than a white individual. While this conclusion exists depression did not differ among races due to socioeconomic status. “The symptoms of that depression were expressed took shape from those who stated they had trouble at work, home, or social events. Depression can take different forms dealing with mood which is sad or loss of interest in daily activities, Cognition symptoms are having trouble focusing on tasks, and the physical or lack of energy and feeling of restlessness.” “The severity of these depression symptoms among others vary depending on the individual which is measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire.” (Pratt, 2014)

My interest in clinical psychology developed when I discovered, through research, the disparities in health attainment within ethnic minority populations. According to the U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, African-Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans and Latinos received lower quality mental health care on average than whites. Research suggests that there are still significant barriers to mental health services today such as;

When connecting this article to Ross and Mirowskys article relating to Explaining the Social Patterns of Depression, they argue that research on social patterns of depression conclude that high levels of education, income, being male, and married are associated with lower levels of depression. However,

However Noble(2005) states that the prevalence of depression in women is 21.3% and 12.7% in men , and one of the factors that contribute to the rate being higher in women is pregnancy. Noble (2005) also states other factors that contribute to the high rates of depression in women are single parents, Menopause, divorce,

When looking specifically at women and depression, it can be noted that women suffer in different ways then men due to different social causes they experience. Looking at the cultural roles and how they affect both men and women, women have always been viewed

This essay will examine the way in which depression is viewed according to the cross cultural perspective that states that depressions are most likely to differ when looking at different races or ethnicities. This essay will also look at how behavioural factors