Essay on Depression Inventory for the Elderly (Die)

DAS is recommended for this group as it is reliable and gives correct prediction and outcomes regarding depression. This assessment tool is easy to use; it is a self-report scale consisting of 40 items with each item having a statement and 7-point Likert scale. The questions used in this assessment are direct and easy making it efficient for most individuals' use (de Graaf, Roelofs, & Huibers, 2009). Besides,

The scores are based on a self-reporting scale (e.g. questionnaire) and are consistent with the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. For this test each item uses a 4-point scale of severity ranging from 0 to 3 (Beck, et al., 1996). Once all questions are answered the publishers have created a cut score guideline to use. The qualifiers are minimal (0-13), mild (14-19), moderate (20-28), and severe (29-63). Again, the terminology was taken from the DSM -IV criteria for major depression and each symptom is looked at based on

A study in Slovakia, by Kabátová, Uríčková, and Botíková (2014), studied the prevalence of depression in long-term care residents, to determine the risk factors linked to depression, and the influence of risk factors on the extent of the depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The sample consisted of 84 long-term care residents age 65 or older with the exclusion criteria of those with an existing diagnosis of depression and those who had antidepressant treatment. Other data collection tools used were the Folstien 's Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, and a 5-point numerical scale for pain assessment, additionally, each resident was screened for marital status. Data was collected over a one month time period in 3 different long-term care facilities. This study concluded that 60.7% of the sample group suffered from depression, with 32.1% being mildly depressed, and 28.6% being severely depressed. The conclusion of this study showed that the coloration between marital status a diagnosis of depression was statistically significant, with widows having the highest rate of depression. Pain was also

According to Tabloski (2014), older adults may not consider themselves depressed due to the stigma associated with mental illness, but rather complain of physical symptoms instead of emotional symptoms. After completing the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short Form, Mrs. W. scored a ‘one’ out of a total of fifteen, which does not indicate a concern for depression at this time (Tabloski, 2014). The one positive indicator from this assessment relates to her energy level, realizing she does not have the energy she had in her younger years, but maintains her activities at a slower pace (S.W., personal

Many people, younger and older, suffer from different types of mental health disorders. Depression is one of the most common disorders that go untreated and mimics signs of dementia. Some doctors use tests such as the Patient Health Questionnaire, and for older people they use the Geriatric Depression scale assessment tool. Both tests are a great way to determine depression and are very useful in the medical field.

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the more popular and accepted self-report measuring assessments for depression. According to Dozios, Dobson and Ahlberg (1998), “The BDI-II proposes to measure the presence and severity of depression in psychiatrically diagnosed patients and in normal populations of both adolescents and adults” (p.83). The assessment itself is composed of a 21-item multiple-choice inventory measuring depressive symptoms and their severity. The 21 different items of measurement for the BDI-II each relate directly to specific common characteristics of depression and are as follows: sadness, pessimism, past failure, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, punishment feelings, self-dislike, self-criticalness, suicidal

The Children’s Depression Inventory measures child depression, but is not a diagnostic tool. It has only been around since 1992, but it has been updated once since then. There are many paraprofessionals and professionals who are allowed to administer the test, but there are still qualifications past that for whoever does end up giving the test. There are four versions of the test, two for the child to self-report, one for a parent to report on the child, and one for a teacher to report on the child. There are two options for ways to take any of these four versions: paper and pencil or software. The scoring forms are either attached to the response form for the paper and pencil version or the responses are automatically scored on the

According to the author, Depressive symptoms have been found to be common in older women. Several studies have demonstrated that various factors are associated with depressive symptoms in older adults , including advanced age (Demura & Sato, 2003; Reid & Planas, 2002), loss of spouse (MechakraTahiri et al., 2010; Nahcivan & Demirezen, 2005; Schulman et al., 2002), lower level of self-rated health status (Blay, Andreoli, Fillenbaum, & Gastal2007; Demura & Sato, 2003; Reid & Planas, 2002), and poorer physical health (Blay et al., 2007; Lai 2004).

In the study a literature search was performed using Psyclit, Medline and Current Contents. A computer search was performed using key words including depression, depressive disorders, stressful events, elderly, and risk factors. Studies were only included in the meta-analysis if it included the following (a) depressive symptoms, depressive disorder, or dysthymia. (b) Negative life events included a wide array of events (Gerontol, 2002, p.P88). The article suggest that there should be prevention and intervention programs for elderly people and that we should focus on the occurrence of negative life events in people 65 and older. Special attention should be given to elderly people who have experienced an accumulation of stressful events, because they seem to be at a greater risk for depression. Part C: I find this article to be particularly useful in my field placement and my future practice. I am placed at Broward Health Coral Springs medical center. At least once a week I hear these phrases from my patients: “I just can’t seem to catch a break” or “It’s always one thing after the next”. Interestingly enough, a lot of my patients, particularly in ICU are over the age of

Participants will be recruited through convenience sampling by using flyers and recommendations from program coordinators in hospices within the state of New York. Subjects identified by the program coordinators will be approached by the researchers and will be given oral and written information regarding the trial. The sample will include a maximum of 100 participants, different race, gender, or religion are included. As required by the inclusion criteria of the study, older adults aged 55 or over must be diagnosed by the DSM-IV and have met the criteria for moderate to severe depression. In addition to the DSM-IV, the severity of their depression will also be measured using standardized depression inventories, like the Beck’s Depression Inventory

The BDI items are rated on a 4-point scale (0 the least severe choice to 3 the most severe alternative) and total scores are obtained by tallying the ratings for all 21 items. Scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores representing increased severity of depression. If an examinee has chosen more than one statement within a particular item group, the administrator is instructed to use the statement with the highest rating to calculate

This widely used 21-item self-report inventory measures depression in adolescents and adults. Aaron Beck created this self-report inventory in 1961; it was later revised in 1996. The questionnaire consists of 21 questions, each having a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. Each answer is scored on a scale from zero (symptoms not present) to 3 (symptoms very intense). Total scores can be from zero to 63, higher total scores indicate more severe depression symptoms. A person experiencing minimal depression is expected to score between zero and 13, where an individual with symptoms of severe depression is expected to score between 29 and 63. Items on the questionnaire include feelings of sadness, feeling like a failure, disappointment, sleep loss, and appetite loss. A limitation of this self-report measurement is that scores can be easily minimized. The BDI-II (Beck, 1996) is highly correlated with the Hamilton Depression Scale (Hamilton, 1960); it also has a high test-retest reliability and high internal

The Internalizing problems composite scale is used to characterize as a broad index of inwardly directed distress that rejects internalizing problems a child may experience. Jasmine’s T scale is 43, with a 90% confidence interval range of 40-46 and a percentile rank of 27.

The General Well-being Schedule (GWBS) was used to capture general health and mood.23 The GWBS consists of 18 items that indicate subjective feelings of psychological well-being and distress. The first 14 questions use a six-point rating scale with anchors from 0 and 5 and the remaining four items use an eleven-point rating scale with anchors from 0 and 10. The total score can vary from 0 to 110 (high score indicating positive well-being and low distress). The interval 0–60 reflects severe distress, 61–72 moderate distress, and 73–110 positive well-being. The instrument has good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and validity.23

Content of the instrument – how many categories, items. The BDI-II is broadly utilized 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults (Age 13 years and over) (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Carmody, 2005).