Depression : The Most Common Type Of Mental Disorder

The purpose of this study was to research and bring a greater awareness in the development of development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following intimate partner violence (Lilly &Kraft, 2009). The study was examined through feminist theoretical approach. The use of a random selection both explored

Throughout the world, we hear many stories about individuals being victimized, and individuals who have are the perpetrators. Also, many of these news segments are based off of headed situations between intimate relationships. Many relationships become this way because of stress about work, paying bills, past circumstances, and much more. There are many micro and macro level risk factors that pertain to victims (prior history of intimate partner violence, female sex, and youth), and perpetration (anger issues, low self-esteem, low income, and depression). “These factors are some of the very important factors that shape victimization and perpetration in intimate partner violence” (Seccombe, 2015, p.318).

The incidence of intimate partner violence is quite common amongst individuals in the United States. As a result, PTSD and depressive disorder have been consequences associated with this issue, further adding to numerous public health issues that our society is facing. Intimate partner violence not only affects the victim, but the families and society as well. Therefore, efforts must be made to decrease the prevalence of IPV, as well as assisting those individuals who have been victimized in this issue. Past research has associated PTSD with individuals with sexual abuse, but not specific to IPV. One example in particular, included research done amongst women

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) impacts millions of families worldwide (Watts & Zimmerman, 2002). In fact, in the United States alone on average nearly 20 people per minute are physically abused by an intimate partner. During one year, this equates to more than 10 million women and men (National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, 2010). In light of this troubling information, the clinical social worker may find him or herself called upon to serve this most vulnerable population.

Violence against women is a substantial public health problem in the United States. According to data from the criminal justice system, hospital, and medical records, mental health records, social services, and surveys, thousands of women are injured or killed each year as a result of violence, many by someone they are involved with or were involved with intimately. Nearly one-third of female homicide victims are killed by an intimate partner (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2001). Throughout this, many will read about intimate partner violence also called

Currently in the United States, every one-in-three women and one-in-four men are abused physically by their chosen partner in their lifetime. It is estimated that twenty people per minute are physically affected by their partner; therefore, there are around ten million people every year battered by their partners (“Statistics” National Coalition Against Domestic Violence). The United States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as:

Bargai, Shakhar, and Shalev (2007) designed a correlational study to test the idea that exposure to violence facilitates learned helplessness, which may contribute to the development of mental illness in battered women.

Duncan et al. (1996) found that women reporting a history of childhood physical abuse were twice times as likely to have a history of major depressive episodes in their lifetime and four times more likely to be currently in a major depressive episode, and studies have

The study conducted by Hellmuth, Jaquier, Swan, & Sullivan addresses the correlation of intimate partner violence with class membership, depression, alcohol and drug problems with post-traumatic stress symptoms (these usually co-occur with post-traumatic stress symptoms) and also whether they meet the criterion A and F for post-traumatic stress disorder according to the DSM-IV. Criterion A is one’s reaction to the threat from intimate personal violence that results in a response of intense fear, helplessness and/or horror. Criterion F is functional impairment as a result from post-traumatic stress symptoms. (Hellmuth, Jaquier, Swan, & Sullivan, 2014)

Battered women are exposed to many forms of intimate partner abuse. This paper will explore the contributors of anxiety, depression, memory loss; the re-experiencing of the trauma and the disruption of interpersonal relationships; and some of the difficulties that battered women face when trying to leave their abusers.

The title of this research article is not very expressive. The study population of college-aged women is concise however, the reader may initially experience a difficult time distinguishing the independent variable of dating violence victims, from the dependent variables of associated physical injury, healthcare usage and mental health symptoms. One may easily interpret healthcare usage as an intervention offered in this study, rather than one of the dependent variables. The reader is left to question the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables as the association is not clearly stated. This title does not communicate the research design as it fails to inform the reader that this was a quantitative, correlational design study.

On the one hand, the emotionally abused are mainly females that have experienced a dramatic trauma in their life (Etain et al, 2010). According to Burns et al., (2010) women who had been sexually, physically, or emotionally abused are greater emotion instruction compared to women without abuse histories. Many women who have been sexually, physically, or emotionally abused have a greater aggression of emotion compared to women who have never had an abusive history. In the study done by Burns et al., (2010) asked 912 female college students to participant in a survey which revealed that women who has reported a history of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse which later resulted in them having emotional problems, which later cause depression during their lifetime. Bell and Higgins (2015) supported the idea that physically abused women with childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may increase the risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) within youthful and adult relationships. IPV may later on cause the women to select a partner,

When caring for patients with patients who experience trauma, we should understand the sources of trauma and how they interact within and between individuals and relate to health and healthcare utilization. Violence and abuse have impacts on personal health through emotional trauma which can lead to stress related and mental health conditions, and also through direct tissue injuries which can result in morbidity and mortality. One can develop mental and physical disorders through a lot of proposed mechanisms that are violence specific when exposed to severe and chronic violence and abuse. Studies believe that there is a strong relationship between childhood exposures to violence and abuse and risk for poor health related outcomes in adulthood. Studies also show that boys and girls who are experiencing intimate partner violence are at high risk of suffering long term negative behavioral and health consequences such as depression, suicide attempt, cigarette smoking, and marijuana; they are more likely to engage in risky sexual and unhealthy diet

This literature focuses on the quality of life of women that had the courage to leave physically abusive relationships. The women of this study sought refuge after leaving physically abusive relationships. In order to collect data, the researchers randomly selected 212 female participants to be interviewed. Many of the women revealed in the interview that they experienced health issues such as headaches and chronic stomach pains. In addition to physical ailments, the article revealed that many of the women encountered instances of high anxiety and depression. The women admitted that the mental and physical illnesses that they were experiencing contributed to their low quality of life. The article concludes that women that seek assistance

Domestic violence has adverse effects on a victim’s physical and sexual health regardless of the type of violence experienced. Studies have shown that the consequences of domestic violence can last long after the abuse is over (Ellsberg, Jansen, Heise, Watts, & Garcia-Moreno, 2008). In this regard, injuries, stress, and fear caused by domestic violence lead to chronic health conditions, such as chronic pain and gastrointestinal disorders (Campbell, 2002). Furthermore, different types of violence also have different consequences on individual well-being. Sexual abuse in particular is considered to be unfavorable for women’s physical health because of severe sexual violence or coercion (Macy, Ferron, & Crosby, 2009). Sadly, the overall magnitude