Depth Affected Underwater

9. Oceanward of the oceanic trench, the ocean bottom first rises and then levels off to a depth of approximately 3900 m, making the deepest part of the ocean trench about [(1400)(2400)(3500)] m below the bottom of the abyssal plain ocean bottom west of the trench.

Oceanography also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within it: biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and physics as well as geography.

The deepest, Lake Superior, is 1,333 feet (406 meters) deep. Lake Erie, the shallowest, is only 210 feet (64 meters) deep (The New York Times Almanac).

Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. These propagate in the air at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they are reflected back as echo signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target based on the time-span between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.

As newer research began during the 1900s, the sonar started to make changes and new developments. Active sonar, provides pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. Gives warning if an object is in the path and returns an “echo” to the sonar transducer. The transducer can determine the range and orientation of the object. Passive sonar systems are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships). Unlike active sonar, passive sonar does not emit its own signal, which is an advantage for military vessels that do not want to be found or for scientific missions that concentrate on quietly “listening” to the ocean. The purpose for both sonar’s is to detect the acoustic signals emanating from external

Submersibles can carry as many as 1,500 pounds of research tools to the ocean to research. Submarines could let marine biologists to stay underwater for six to 10 hours for observing and finding new object. These are only few important tool that marine biologist uses to observe and

Hydrology is associated with geology. Hydrology consist of the water flow of water in streams and in groundwater. Hydrology deals with many processes that can outcome in numerous features.

The coastal marine space surrounding the United States is vast. Poor access to supporting resources such as fuel or communications, means manned patrol vessels face challenges with monitoring resolution, mission endurance, crew comfort, and information relay. A combination of low cost autonomous vessels and buoys, both at the surface and underwater, can help mitigate these issues. However, existing systems have varying capabilities that make each suited to particular types of tasks.

Recently, oil companies have increased their search for oil in water deeper than 1,500 feet, which is classified as "deep water." While that is where the companies hope to find the largest untapped oil reserves, seeking out and extracting oil there presents unique challenges. For one thing, platforms in deep water cannot sit on legs connected to the sea floor the way they can in shallower areas, so other methods must be used to protect them from strong currents.

Also every ship has to have an anemometer on it. So they know if they should go out on the water or not. (crutchfield) There is over seven types of of anemometers. Just a couple of them are cup,windmill,hot-wire and plate anemometers.

The large, beautiful bodies of water are home to an infinite number of strange creatures and bewildering phenomena. Oceans make up about three-fifths of the earth and yet we have little idea about what lies in those darkened depths. There are many mysteries of the oceans that still have no explanation. To start with, scattered around oceans there trenches, incidentally all of them are approximately seven miles deep.

| * shows evidence of information on GPS’s from a brochure and a scientific source * accesses the scientific accuracy of the brochure by identifying areas of comparison in both publications noting any relevant missing information gives supporting statements for the assessment * evaluates the validity of the information in the brochure and gives supporting statements for the assessment * presents clear relevant drawings that show how waves are used in GPS’s * identifies how the properties of waves that make them useful for this type of technology * identifies some current research into the future development of GPS’s

This includes a range of echolocation clicks in the dolphin sonar system used to identify objects underwater.

The ocean it covers over 70 percent of the earth’s surface and more than 500 million people go to its surface during the summer yet we have not seen 95 percent of the surface in detail. This is where oceaogahers come into play. An oceanographer is someone who studies the ocean whether it is to find a pocket of oil deep in the ocean or to find new species of fish deep down in the sea or the migratory patterns of fish for fishermen to be able to catch that type of fish all year.

The purpose of this module is to investigate hydrostatic forces on a plane surface under partial and full submersion.