Experimental Dermatology Research and TPM
Arguably, the immune system is where multiphoton microscopy has had the greatest impact in basic dermatological studies in both the steady state and during inflammation where it is possible to study real-time single cells and molecules within an intact living environment. Currently, the most common sites for intravital multiphoton imaging of the skin in mice include the ear (Roediger et al., 2008), hind footpad (Graham et al., 2009), and dorsal skin (Amornphimoltham et al., 2011). The footpad is an attractive site for imaging as it is hairless, whilst hair removal is essential in ear and back skin due to the autofluorescence of hair shafts obscuring image acquisition (Li et al., 2012b, Roediger et
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TPM microscopy can also be enhanced by combining it with other optical techniques. Using a Cre-inducible E-cadherin-GFP transgenic mouse model, Erami and co-workers combined TPM and FRAP to assess alteration in cadherin-based cell-cell junction integrity in the setting of tumour progression (Erami et al., 2016). While this is not a comprehensive review of all the advances made through multiphoton imaging of the skin, these examples serve to demonstrate that this technology has significantly advanced our understanding of the spatio-temporal interactions of immune cell subsets in lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues including the skin (Germain et al., 2012). Moreover, while animal models are able to elucidate basic cellular and molecular mechanisms to obtain real-time quantifiable details of complex biological mechanisms in intact tissues, the ultimate goal is to translate our understanding into clinical applications. Clinical Dermatology and TPM
Multiphoton microscopy is now being considered a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool in dermatology as the skin is very accessible for imaging. Although currently it is only possible to derive structural information from autofluorescent signals within human tissue in vivo, TPM is able to provide near histological grade images without the need for a skin biopsy or tissue processing. The use of autofluorescence as a source of natural contrast has been demonstrated in reflectance confocal microscopy. However,
Skin cancer is a disease that can affect any one. Skin cancer includes many types that can be classified as severe or superficial. Consequently, treatement of skin cancer depends on the degree of severity a person has. In the following paper, we will shed lights on the types of skin cancer and its causes. Finally, we will investigate how to treat the different types of cancer and how to avoid it.
Evers, D. J., B. Hendricks, G. Lucassen, and T. Ruers. "Optical Spectroscopy: Current Advances and Future Applications in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy." NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8 Mar. 2012. Web. 13 Sept. 2015.
Areas of red skin that doesn’t go away when pressure applied, sore skin, dry skin, hot or cold areas of skin, blisters or broken skin should all be reported. Discoloured skin should also be reported.
BSP, S. (2010). How is EM different from light microscopy? Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://bsp.med.harvard.edu/node/222
When it comes to treating acne, Asheboro Dermatology & Skin Surgery in West End, NC, has successfully treated patients with Accutane (Isotretinoin), a drug taken orally to help eliminate the redness, scarring and scabbing that’s often associated with the skin condition.
Skin cells that lose the ability to grow and divide are called skin cancer. Another name for skin cancer is neoplasia. Skin cancer begins on the outer layer of the skin called the epidermis and is the most common form of cancer in humans. All skin cancers are important but the most commonly seem is the basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma. These skin cancers happens when the skin starts to grows abnormal skin cells and form a mass called a skin tumor. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous are the most common skin cancer and they are referred to as nonmelanoma cancer. The least dangerous skin cancer of the three is the basal cell carcinoma. The most dangerous skin cancer of the three is melanoma because it spreads quickly to
Malignant melanoma is the most commonly seen skin cancer and it has the highest number of deaths among diseases of the skin (Friedman, Rigel, Kopf and Polsky, 2005). Among the many factors that cause this cutaneous cancer genetic modifications, viruses, carcinogens and excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays are the most commonly occurring (Friedman, Rigel, Kopf and Polsky, 2005). Malignant melanoma affects all areas of the skin and the disease forms in melanocytes, which are the cells in which pigments (melanin) are synthesized (Melanoma Treatment). The cancer has its origin in the epidermis and affect squamous and basal cells. The disease usually affects the trunk, arms and legs but can also be present in the eye, affecting the
Upon completion of the requirements to earn a Bachelor’s degree in Biology, I want to pursue a career in Dermatology specializing in pediatric dermatology with a focus on skin pathologies, malignancies and disorders within early childhood Pediatric Dermatologists have a starting salary of 54,308 with an average median salary of 147,139.Dermatology being one of the more competitive fields of specialty within residency requires extra education and training. After completion of a Bachelor’s degree in Biology and passing the general pre-requisites of 1 year in biology, organic chemistry, physics, and general chemistry. I must attend a four year medical school. MCAT scores of around 480-500 and GPA of 3.5- 3.8 is mandatory to gain acceptance.
Zheng, Z., Kang, H., Lee, S., Kang, S., et al. (2014). Up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 expression and FGF-WNT/β-catenin signaling in laser-induced wound healing. Wound repair and regeneration. 22(5): 660-665.
However,the conventional DWI have some notable limitations. DWI image does not involve the T2-weighted sequence information and thus cannot provide specific localization and biological structure information. Furthermore, though DWI illustrates the water distribution due to the tissue structure, the intracellular and extracellular water signal has been mixed together. And inherent spatial distortion issues caused by field inhomogeneities are not
One field of study in the realm of biology that still leaves much to be discovered is neuroscience, more specifically, the neurological pathways and signaling within the brain. While there have been many developments and breakthroughs in identifying areas of activity and neural pathways, there are still many obstacles to overcome and discoveries to be made. The authors of the journal High-fidelity optical reporting of neuronal electrical activity with an ultrafast fluorescent voltage sensor sought to overcome one such obstacle. They understood the potential for fluorescent proteins to be used for visualizing the firing of action potentials throughout neuronal pathways of the brain, but realized that such proteins were unable to accurately record higher frequency signaling across synapses where there was frequent action potential activity. Within this journal, they describe the methods used to produce a new fluorescent protein, accelerated sensor of action potential 1(ASAP1), and the benefits that it can provide to the field of visualizing the activity of action potentials as they propagate through synapses in the brain. They hypothesized that ASAP1 should be able to give definitive fluorescent readings for the activity of action potentials propagating through the brain, even in areas with high frequency activity that have not been measurable before.
“Psoriasis is a long-term (chronic) skin problem that causes skin cells to grow too quickly, resulting in thick, white silvery, or red patches of skin.” (WebMD, 2012) To uneducated individuals, they may look at a person with Psoriasis and think to stay away from them as it might be contagious. This disorder is not contagious, but it does affect a person with Psoriasis to go through social exclusion and discrimination. A mistaken trigger in the immune system is said to be the one of the causes of rapid production of skin cells in the body. Patients with Psoriasis produce new skin cells between 2-6 days. That is a little over four times less than the time they are normally produced, which is 21-28days. “Psoriasis affects approximately 3% of
I chose my topic because I have a skin condition, and I thought it might be a good idea to research different skin disorders. I have eczema on my foot and it was a very irritable skin disorder to go through. But thanks to the miracle of modern day medicine, all I'm left with is a scar and it is barely noticeable. Since that's my skin disorder I will begin with eczema and work my way down to pressure sores.
1. Light-colored skin and a history of sun exposure is the main cause of this type of cancer. Men are affected more often than women.
Our skin is the largest part of our body and needs constant care and miniaturization to achieve a healthy glow. First thing to healthy-looking skin is maintaining an internal regimen; drinking lots of water and eating fruits and veggies will keep skin nourished, moisturized and blemish free.