Dertermining the Factors of Muscle Fatigue and How They Contribute to It

As the trials progressed, the strength of the muscles decreased as well because of the experienced muscle fatigue due to the lactate threshold. In

A common adverse affect of overtraining for an elite athlete is ‘Overtraining Syndrome’. Overtraining syndrome is a neuroendocrine (neural input cells in the brain) disorder characterized by poor performance in competition, inability to maintain training loads, persistent fatigue, frequent illness, disturbed sleep and the most frequent in an elite athlete: alterations in mood state (Nature Immunology and Cell Biology Laurel T Mackinnon May 2000). Nearly all athletes experience the mood deterioration observed without impairment in sport performance. Since the goal is to reach a point of improved performance within the athlete the athlete then has to reach his/her limits of physical capacity (or even beyond) and since the balance between the right amount of training and overtraining is a fragile line many athletes suffer from this overtraining syndrome. It is not the hard training that makes you stronger in fact it makes you slightly weaker, it is the rest that will allow your body to grow stronger. Physiologic improvement in sports only occurs during the rest period following hard training. Due to this need for hardened training many elite athletes overwork themselves

There will be a significant relationship between peak power and fatigue index in endurance verses power athletes.

Recovery is a very important aspect that many athletes don’t think about regularly. They believe as we have heard many times over that someone else is always training harder. If the proper rest and recovery is not taken advantage of, you are doing more harm than good to your body. In addition to lack of recovery comes injury. Many athletes incurred injuries do to over training because the body had not had enough time to recover and rest. We need to manage our training intensity and volume for our athletes. As the athlete recovers we hit them with a little bit more intensity and a little bit less volume. This keeps the athletes constantly showing improvement without overtraining. There is no single test for diagnosing professional burnout or overtraining syndrome. Burnout is assessed primarily through the use of questionnaires, but biochemical analyses might give important information about occupational stress and burnout mechanisms. As we move forward in the process of helping the athlete we need to look at the psychological and physiological breakdown. I feel that in order to get the athlete

We’ve all gone through this feeling of exhaustion known as exercise. It can tire us out, yet leave a rewarding, kind of paradoxical feeling of energy.

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

(2014). A Consideration of the Paradigm of Exercise Physiology. Research In Sports Medicine, 22(3), 314-322.

Burnout can have severe consequences for athletes, not only adversely impacting motivation and health, but also a subsequent reduction in performance and possible retiring from sport altogether (Madigan et al., 2015). Overtraining can be outlined as an accumulation of training and non-training stress that ends in long term impairment to an athletes performance that includes both physiological and psychological symptoms in which recovery can extend to years (Slivka, Hailes, Cuddy & Ruby, 2010). As overtraining is both physiological and psychological there is little understood about why there is a sudden decrease in all types of performance: resistance, anaerobic and aerobic; what is clear is that while most types of training, even burnout, can be remedied with reduced activity, overtraining is immune to most recovery strategies (Wilmore et al.,

This conclusion was supported by the biological background. The greater amount of previous exercise would cause higher release of lactic acid, inorganic phosphate and also would increase the likelihood of micro damage to the muscle fibres. Thus, greater the amount of previous exercise could lead to greater muscle fatigue which affected the rate of contraction of muscle fibres. Consequently, lower number of cycles was counted within a given time limit, as the

Two mechanisms that could explain a sex difference in the fatigue index is that females have higher capillarization oxygen delivery and oxidative capacity when it comes to mitochondria size and number along with higher concentrations of myoglobin compared to males, hence why they have a much smaller fatigue index than males. Also, males have an advantage in absolute endurance in upper body exercises while the Biodex measures the lower body. The males were less capable of maintaining the contractions from fatiguing in the legs compared to the females because males tend to have type II fibres occupying the whole muscle and due to all the factors talked about in question one (mitochondrial size and number, myoglobin concentration, muscle fibre diameter and capillarization) this would explain why males have a higher fatigue index for this particular

Muscle fatigue is a state of physiological inability to contract even though the muscle still may be receiving stimuli. Although many factors appear to contribute to fatigue, its specific causes are not fully understood. Most experimental evidence indicates that fatigue is due to a problem in excitation contraction compiling or in rare cases, problems at neuromuscular junction. Several ionic imbalances contribute to muscle fatigue and also intense exercise of short duration.

I know that the more times I skip, lactic acid will build up in my legs, from my own experience this makes you fell horrible. As our bodies perform strenuous exercise, we begin to breathe faster as we attempt to move more oxygen to our working muscles. The body prefers to generate most of its energy using aerobic methods, meaning with oxygen. The cells follow the aerobic process when the blood supplies enough oxygen to the cells, which is:- Glucose+ oxygen—>Carbon Dioxide+ water+ Energy. But when the blood cannot get the needed oxygen to the cells, it has to get the energy from the glucose in another way. The cells use the anaerobic pathway; It does this then by breaking glucose down into lactic acid, Glucose—>Lactic Acid+ Energy. Lactic acid is released into the muscles when they have used up glucose stores but still have intense energy needs. Small amounts of lactic acid operate as a temporary energy source, which helps you avoid fatigue during a workout. However, a build-up of lactic acid during a workout can create burning sensations in the muscles that can slow down or halt your activity. This is not an effective energy source for long periods of exercise, so the blood takes lactic acid to the liver which coverts it back into glucose to be used in the normal aerobic process. Scientist are always looking into ways to decrease lactic acid build up in elite athletes so they can perform faster

It was hypothesized that intermittent exercise bouts are more effective than moderate continuous training, because participants will be able to exercise long and therefore, will have a greater work output. The main findings from this lab can be categorized into three sections, heart rate during exercise bout refer to figure 1. Total work over exercise type, refer to figure 2. Time to fatigue over exercise type, refer to figure 3.

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is muscle soreness secondary to exercise, characterized by increasing pain or discomfort during subsequent 24 -72 hours, and subsiding within few days (Elsevier 2009). This was often associated with athletes and coaches where they usually lead to detrimental to their performance and recovery after activities. Although its physiological mechanism has not yet determine, it may relate to primary mechanical damage that may happen to muscle cells during exercise. Because of its transient nature (peak soreness 24 to 72 hours and resolution of symptoms within 5 – 7 days) experimentally induced delayed-onset muscle is used as a model of myogenic pain to study the effects of different therapeutic modalities.

A wrestler will use almost every muscle in their body during a match that will last seven minutes if the match is played to the end and may sometimes consist of overtime in the event of a tie (Ratamess, 2011). More specifically, according to Jones and Ledford (2012) the major muscle groups needed to be trained are the biceps, triceps, deltoids, erector spinae, gastrocnemius and soleus, hamstrings, latissimus dorsi and rhomboids, pectoralis, posterior chain, quadriceps, and the trapezius (Jones and Ledford, 2012). According to (Papachristou, 2013) Wrestlers report to experience fatigue to be the highest "in the flexors of the forearm (53.3%) followed by the deltoids (17.4%) then the biceps brachii muscles (12.0)" (Papachristou, 2013). Although wrestling is highly taxing on the whole body, there should be greater emphasis on the upper and lower body muscular systems, due to the pulling and pushing nature of the