Discuss the philosophies of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz. How did they affect the Baroque era? Are there parts of their philosophies you agree with or disagree with? What are they? Why?
“God’s will is law. Man is like a machine, developed by the perfect mechanic.” God is a perfect God and because he has set the bounds for each of us he has made the law for us to follow. We are created in his image. “Human freedom is merely our capacity to know that we are being determined and to understand why we act as we do.” Part of our quest here on the Earth is to learn self-control. Thats one of that hardest things to learn. Although I don't believe a lot of the philosophies Spinoza said.
“A world without free will was worse than a world without
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How were they characteristic of the age??
Galileo used his telescope to prove the heliocentric nature of the solar system.
Isaac Newton built upon Galileo’s work, described the Law of Gravity, and demonstrated the concept of inertia—an object in motion remains in motion, and an object in stasis remains in stasis, unless acted upon by an outside
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Johann Sebastian Bach is universally regarded as one of the greatest composers who ever lived (many consider him the greatest), and Toccata and Fugue in D Minor is one of his most famous pieces. Why is this so? Do you agree? Why or why not?
Bach was a pioneer for music. What he created changed the music world then and today. He was inspired by God to form new art through music. I do believe he was one of the greatest composers of all time. He shared his talent to the world.
How do Rembrandt’s self-portraits differ from most portrait photographs of today? What effects does he use to portray his own personality? What do you learn about the man by looking at the paintings? One thing I notice with Rembrandts painting is he lights one part of the face. With todays photos we can get light to all parts of the face. He uses shadows in the face which could reflect his own life. He had a love for the beauty of the face and it didn't matter how young or old they
Johann S. Bach was a classical composer and a very good performer. He was one of the best composers during the Baroque era and took the position of organist for many different places during his career. Bach was and is a very important person in the classical music genre.
What is odd about the painting is that usually the face is masked during surgery, but in the painting it is not. I feel that Rembrandt did is because I feel that even though
Perhaps the most technically impressive aspect of the painting is its remarkable three-dimensionality. Rembrandt is well known for his strikingly accurate portrayal of human shape and form, and this painting lives up to such reputation. With the use of oil paint, he was able to carefully and selectively layer color to create an astonishing representation of the human figure. The most alluring aspect of the piece, in terms of modeling technique, is the face. It contains so much detail; it is hard to believe this painting was done by hand. From the light, wispy texture of the facial hair to the subtle wrinkles surrounding the eyes, attention to detail is what sets this portrait far above many others. Rembrandt’s playful chiaroscuro on the nose and right hand truly give the piece a sense of depth, and the painterly quality of the piece produces a soft and elegant look. Also present within the face is the famous Rembrandt triangle. The result of a specific lighting technique frequently used by Rembrandt, a small triangle is formed underneath the eyes. It is present under the left eye in Marten’s portrait, which gives his face a more natural look. Another technique that intensifies the three-dimensionality of the visible body parts is the use of
Rembrandt uses oil on wood in one of his earliest self-portraits, depicting himself in a fabulous costume that includes a plumed hat, a silk scarf, and an elegant jacket complete with gold trim. There is a heavy use of shadow, concealing half of his face, with the left half being illuminated by a sole source of light located out of the frame. His face purposefully lacks an expression, as if to create an open-ended illusion of confusion. Unlike most of his works, this painting is quite large, having dimensions of 35 by 29 square inches. Although Rembrandt had already begun to attract serious attention, he had not yet received any portrait commissions by 1629, so this piece may have been created to show off his artistic abilities. This self-portrait currently resides in the Isabella Gardner Museum after it was purchased in 1896 from a private collector, Lieutenant Colonel Sawyer.8
Explain how stem cells are used in treating heart disease, brain disease, cancer, and helping with organ regeneration.
He was of significance to his pupils and contempory musical connoisseurs in a way that set the foundation for the rest of Western Art music to follow. For many Bach is like coming home, in fact, “…in old Bach there is always something astonishing, and, what is the main thing, there is always something to be learned from
In all, Rembrandt produced around 600 paintings, 300 etchings, and 2,000 drawings. He was a prolific painter of self-portraits, producing almost a hundred of them (including some 20 etchings) throughout his long career. Together they give us a remarkably clear picture of the man, his looks, and more
Newton was the Englishmen who formulated the modern laws of motion and mechanics. It remained unchallenged until the twentieth century. The core of his thinking was the concept of the universe. He declared that all bodies whatsoever are endowed with the principle of mutual gravitation. He was the grand unifying idea of early modern science. (Ways of the World, 557)
The most common of these portrayed garments were the generic Berets that have now been typically associated with the common artist as a stereotype. Looking at the untitled self portrait of 1657 (Figure 1) you can see Rembrandt’s attention to detail and his persistence to achieve life-likeness. He has built up the wrinkled brow, the puckers of skin, in very detailed and effective passages of reddish colours. You can see the application of chiaroscuro in this painting which is obviously intentional as even his clothes, including fashionable beret, are dark to help with the distribution of light and dark with the focus being on his face. This self portrait is one I consider to be among his best. This work provides an insight into Rembrandt’s indifference to self-consciousness as you can see an aged, wrinkled man with a large broad nose and gray wisps of hair, all of which he has made no attempt to positively alter, he simply strives for realism in his works and finds no reason to alter the physical reality of his work for mere aesthetic purposes. It provides an insight into the culture of the time with the fashion state Rembrandt has depicted himself in as well as the common chiaroscuro methods used in the painting which were common for the culture or society of the time. The self-portrait of 1630 (Figure 2) shows how even from early in his career Rembrandt strove for realism in his works. You are once again struck by the honesty
There is not much information on when Muslims first arrived in America, but there has been evidence that some of the slaves were Muslim, but didn’t have the ability to practice their religion freely, they also tried to accommodate their faith with Christianity, but others were converted. It was about twenty percent of the slaves in the US were Muslim. One of the first known Muslims in the United States, was a slave from Morocco, named Estevanico, who was shipwrecked with Spanish Explorers near the where the city Galveston, Texas is. After that there weren’t many Muslims coming into the United States until the twentieth century. This is shown by the evidence that one of the first mosques was built in North Dakota in 1929, and while the mosque was demolished a Muslim cemetery still stands near the spot of that mosque. Islam started in the 7th century with a prophet named Muhammad. It is an Abrahamic religion, like Judaism and Christianity, but Muslims believe that Islam is a step further than the other two religions.
art that were emotional, dramatic, and included real people as the primary subjects. Rembrandt showed all of this in his work. Rembrandt was influenced by nature, religion, the Bible, and humanity. His paintings showed his moods and feelings towards all of these. He would study people, especially members of his family, including himself to use as the basis for his work. He created over two thousand works of art including; ninety self-portraits, sixty paintings, and the rest
Beyond criticizing the Bible, Spinoza also condemned governmental authorities which sought to control the masses through doctrines and strict laws. He believed that that governments which oppressed the use of reason and propagated doctrines aimed toward controlling the morals and values of society were destructive to the perseverance of reason and humanity. In particular he condemned the Christian church and the influence it had upon politics and society as a whole. He advocated for a strict separation of church and state and he also maintained that any clerical attempt to influence governmental policies which suppressed public opinion is in fact a tyrannical government which should be overthrown. Spinoza’s emphasis on freedom of intellectual thought, and expression of public opinion is in fact a major
These two self portraits were created over a century apart; this has affected the artistic influences and styles, but also the artists’ intention. Thus, Von Werefkin’s 1908 Self Portrait significantly differs from Le Brun’s 1782 Self Portrait in a Straw Hat. While Le Brun has created the perception that she is demure and docile, Von Werefkin has the opposite effect, creating a perception of fierceness and audacity. This difference is achieved through their gestures, composition and use of colour. There is an obvious delineation between Le Brun’s open, inviting body language, even placement in the composition and soft, pastel colours as opposed to Von Werefkin’s scornful, red eyed gaze, closed off body language and her filling most of the space in the composition and bold, intense colours. Similarly, the artists have both utilized tonal value to create form within the portrait, but their creation of tone has been accomplished by contrasting methods. In order to generate a realistic self portrait, Le Brun applies tints and tones to the subject in foreground giving the illusion she is real due to the three dimensional form. This is a traditional approach to creating form within an artwork, and greatly diverges from Von Werefkin’s more experimental, modernist approach to creating form through tone. In her Self Portrait Von Werefkin has created strong tone by focusing on areas where the light strikes the subject. Instead of adding white to the hue to create tints, she has applied stronger, more vivid colour in areas of light. This is evident as she illustrates the light hitting her face, and the peach hue of her face transitions to a radiant yellow. The warm colours move forward, whilst the cool colours recede; creating a sense of light and ensuring the subject is not
Eventually Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642) came to popularity, rejecting the Aristotelian notions of motion (O'Connor, J.J., & Robertson, E. F., 2002). He showed that speed does not increase continuously and that impetus does not exist, and argued that once motion starts it would remain forever, if not imparted. This idea is very similar to Isaac Newton’s later ideas of inertia and his
Rembrandt was also an artist who wished to depict art in a new manner. He is known for being a fashionable portrait painter. In paintings such as Bathsheba, Rembrandt uses classical ideas and studies from nature to achieve balance. He perceived old images in a new light, transforming them into "the light of human experience" (Cunningham and Reich 183). He used contrast between light and darkness, and rich textures in order to create depth and enhance the emotional power of the portrait. Just as Caravaggio did, Rembrandt created a path in art and others followed.