Describe And Evaluate Animal Studies Of Attachment

One of the studies was conducted by Harlow in 1959 who wanted to study the mechanisms by which new-born rhesus monkeys bond with their mothers. He tested the learning theory by comparing attachment behaviour in the monkeys given wire surrogate mother producing milk with those given a soft towelling mother producing no milk.

This monkey is only being fed by the cold wire mother and is not necessarily given comfort or warmth. With the cloth mother, you can see the fullness and warmth of the artificial mother’s body. Among the monkeys, they all developed a secure attachment involving them feeling secure and safe with the cloth mother. The wire mother was more of an insecure attachment, which is not a reliable place for the infant monkeys. A secure attachment for the monkeys would be the cloth mother because of the consoling and warm aura it

Harry Harlow 's research on monkey 's support 's Bowlby 's theory of attachment as he investigated ‘the nature of human love and affection ' (Cherry, 2016) through monkeys. This shows Harlow 's experiments demonstrated the importance of early attachments, emotional bonds and how attachment increases a healthy development. Harlow 's experiment consisted of ‘two wired surrogate mothers and an infant monkey separated from their mother hours after birth. One of the wired monkeys had a soft terrycloth around it and the other one only had food attached with to it. ' (Cherry, 2016) This was set up to find out which wired monkey the baby monkeys would be attached to more. Harlow 's study showed that ‘the

In the middle of the twentieth century, Harry and Margaret Harlow began to study the effects of body contact in terms of developmental attachment. Their breakthrough experiments involved infant monkeys separated from their mother near birth and raised in cages with two surrogate mothers: one a wire cylinder and the other wrapped in terry cloth. After varying such details as location of the feeding bottle, rocking, and warmth, the Harlows were startled to find that the monkeys bonded much more closely to the cloth mother, regardless of whether or not "she" provided the food. (Myers, 2011, pp. 149-151). In parallel to Harlow's monkeys was Victor, found in the forests of France in 1800, when he became the first feral child to be successfully restored to society as well as scientifically studied by Parisian doctor Jean Marc Itard. Followed by children of many ages hailing from the abandoned flats of the Ukraine to the urbanized and bustling streets of Los Angeles, CA, feral children were defined by their lack of human care, usually because of abusive or irresponsible parents. Such isolation from their own society often resulted in resorting to animals, especially dogs, for love and warmth, and to wild, abnormal behavior. None were able to completely and certainly bounce back from their cruel circumstances, a fact shown in their lack of humanity, as Itard defined it, in one of two areas: emotional empathy or liguistic communication. ("Wild Child The Story Of Feral Children

On 12/216, there was a court hearing to allow DHS to have access to children and the home to seek medical care for Zoey following the DV incident. DHS is requesting out of home placement at this time.

An attachment is an emotional bond between two people. It is a two-way process that endures over time. An evolutionary perspective of attachment was researched by the famous John Bowlby in 1969.

Harlow’s developed his studies with orphan’s rhesus monkeys in laboratory. By using two made wire models mothers. One of the wire mothers had a bottle to feed the baby and other, had no bottle, but it was covered on terry-cloth. Harlow observed how important was the bound made by the monkey baby on both surrogate mothers, Babies used the wired with bottle to feed only but the one covered on terry-cloth provided the emotional bound and further on the experiments, the terry-cloth provided confidence and security. (Harlow, H.F. 1962)

The research process was such a hauling process. Harlow had a lot of difficulty importing the monkeys. The monkeys were very expensive and hard to find the right monkey. Some of these monkeys were malnourished, beat in up, and blooming with diseases. Harlow began to think about breed his own animals. As a result, it led him to the science of affection. One of the first questions he had been if you could raise a child, in this case a baby monkey, without love. Some of his colleagues and fellow students thought that he had gone crazy. But that wasn’t strange for Harlow because he knew he had to prove his ideas. The second challenges that they experiences were feeding. They want the monkeys to receive the best formulas and adequate feeding. Harlow began to use a baby formula that contained sugar, evaporate milk and some water. The baby monkeys were being well fed and were growing.

In chapter six “Monkey Love” Harry Harlow, an American psychologist, wanted to prove that babies prefer a gentle mother over a feeding mother. Harlow chose macaques for his experiment because they are the closest specie compared with humans. The experiment that Harlow conducted consisted of the infant monkeys being taken away from their birth mother, being placed in cages with a wired-clothed mother and a wired feeding mother. The monkeys preferred the clothed mother over the wire feeding mother. The findings of the experiment were over the edge, says Harlow, “We were not surprised to discover that contact comfort was an important basic affectional or love variable, but we did not expect it to overshadow so

2. Harlow found that when given the choice of a cloth-covered and a wire surrogate mother, baby monkeys preferred the cloth mother, even if they were fed by the wire mother. These results show that the needs of hunger and thirst exerted a relatively insignificant influence on the monkey’s preference of mother, and the need for contact comfort was most significant in producing an attachment. Researchers also found that the infants feeding from the wire mother experienced digestion issues and diarrhea, and that the lack of a soft mother was psychologically stressful.

Harlow’s experiment with baby monkey’s demonstrated how important a mothers affection is during early childhood development. Harlow conducted an experiment with baby rhesus monkeys that had just been born. The experiment was trying to see whether the monkey was attached to its mother for necessities such as food, water, etc or for a mothers love. The newly born monkey was placed with two different “mothers” one mother was made of terry cloth and the other was made of wire. The mother that was made of wire could feed the monkey while the other mother made from terry cloth could not. The experiment showed that the monkey showed more attention to the mother made of terry cloth than the mother made of wire. Harlow also done an experiment

In Harlow’s experiment, they used monkeys to test whether attachment or nourishment was more important. Given that monkeys are more closely related to us humans, it makes sense to use them as an example (although, I don’t promote animal abuse). The experiment was composed of two models of object that would appear as a monkey to be a mother. The first model of monkey was made of wired but contained a milk bottle. The second monkey included a cloth for comfort but did not contain a milk bottle. When they released a young monkey by giving him a choice to choose between the two, the monkey spent more time with the cloth monkey. Although, the wired mother provided food, the cloth mother provided comfort, which was more important to the young monkey.

According to Harry F, Harlow his experiment was to obtain a mother that is patient as well as able to be available twenty four hours to her infant monkey. So the researchers created a substitute mother. The experiment consisted of separating the monkeys between six to twelve hours after birth and more than sixty animals were taken from their mothers. The number of breasts was reduced on the substitute from two to one. Some of the cloth surrogates lactated and some only the wire did but the ones that were made of wire the infants could only get nutriment from the wire they would still always go back to the cloth surrogate for comfort and warmth. Even though only the wire mother could provide nourishment, the monkeys visited her only to feed.

They grew so attached, in fact, that the removal of the cloth for sanitary purposes threw the infants into violent temper tantrums. As a follow up, he found that monkeys raised in a mesh cage with a bare floor had difficulty surviving their first five days. When he inserted a mesh cone the difficulty lessened, and when he covered the cone with terry cloth they developed into "happy babies" (11). According to Harlow himself in his essay, The Nature of Love, "We were impressed by the possibility that, above and beyond the bubbling fountain of breast or bottle, contact comfort might be a very important variable in the development of the infant's affection for the mother" (11).

The first one was made out of terry cloth and was warm and soft. The second one was made out of wire and carried the milk that would feed the monkeys. Monkeys responded to the stimuli of the terry cloth mother in such a way that it overshadowed the purpose of mother?s milk and put close contact as the main principle of nursing. The infant monkeys were expected to be conditioned to the wire monkey and respond to their instinct of survival first. But the study showed that the monkeys valued tactile stimulation more than they did nourishment, preferring to cling to the mothers that provided them with warmth and physical contact.