Describe The Chemical Process In Making Americium

According to 2006 United States' Surgeon General report, secondhand smoke is a cause for premature death and disease in children and non-smokers. In addition, children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, ear problems, acute respiratory infections, and severe asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children and to adults the secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease and lung cancer. Finally, the Surgeon General report states, “the scientific evidence indicates that there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006).“Third hand smoke is the name given to the toxic particles from cigarette smoke that settle onto surfaces in your home and remain long after smoking has ceased” (Heidtman, 2010), which means that even if a person smokes in the house when there is no one present the particles that state on the surfaces will still harm the health of the family that resides in the house. According to the Smoking-Related Fires in Residential Buildings (2008-2010) by the US Fire Administration,

For the Synthesis of Alum lab my lab group and I took 1 gram of aluminum foil and broke it into small pieces. Next we added 25 mL of 3M KOH solution. Once the foil was dissolved we filtered the solution through a Buchner funnel with filter paper sealed inside with water. As the solution was filtering we applied a vacuum filtration to the Buchner funnel to expedite the filtering process. Once it was completely filtered my lab group poured the solution into a beaker and covered the beaker with parafilm. We then waited overnight to allow the crystals to form inside the beaker. Unfortunately, we did not produce any crystals overnight so we borrowed some from another group. Once we obtained the crystals we had to stir them in a beakers to make more form other than just the ones we received. After we rinsed the crystals with half ethanol and half water mixture. Once they were dry we determined the mass of the crystals with a balance.

Half-life is the amount of time for half of an element to decay. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. That’s quite a long time, long enough for us to easily obtain and use it. Uranium-235 is best best used for nuclear power plants because it is fissile. That means able to undergo fission. Fission is when a neutron collides with atom and causes its nucleus to split into smaller parts. During this process a large amount of energy is released which heats water creating steam which turns a turbine creating energy. Uranium-235 can cause a chain reaction when the neutron hits the atom causing it to split and release more neutrons (an average of 2.5 neutrons are released) and the cycle continues until it stops because the released neutrons failed to hit an atom. A control rod is used to send a neutron into another atom which then restarts the cycle. When a neutron hits a uranium-238, it becomes plutonium-239 which is fissile and can be used in a nuclear power plant. Nuclear power plants provide a lot of the energy we use today and it will be a big help if we built one in East Pennsboro Township. Please take

One of the many deadly radioisotopes released includes Iodine-131. Iodine-131 has a half life of 8 days (the radioisotope functions for 8 days). Iodine-131 contaminates the water supply and the air (that we breathe). If one were to ingest this radioisotope, it would incorporate into the thyroid and damage the tissue with beta and gamma radiation. This will lead to the full decay of the thyroid gland and surrounding tissue. This causes thyroid cancer (increases chance of cancerous cells forming by more than 70 percent), especially in children (those who are still growing). Strontium-90 is also released during a nuclear meltdown. Strontium-90 is released into the atmosphere, water supply, and surrounding plants and animals. Strontium-90 has a half life of 28 years but has a biological

Inconspicuous, yet lethal. Radon gas can be found deep within the earth’s crust all the way up to your home’s basement. It lurks in closed off spaces and can be detrimental when inhaled. Devices to detect and measure radon levels can be used to help monitor its presence, and methods to help alleviate abundant amounts can be put into effect to ensure the safety of your home and workplace.1

Some research suggests, an increased risk to innocent non-smokers in the following types of cancers. An increased number of lung cancer, breast cancer, nasal sinus cavity cancer, and brain tumors in children have all been linked to exposure. Based on The National Cancer Institute’s (2011) findings, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Surgeon General, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have all classified secondhand smoke as a known human carcinogen (a cancer-causing agent). As a result of exposure, research has shown, a nonsmoker living with someone who smokes has a 20-30% increased chance of developing one of these types of cancers in their lifetime (National cancer institute, 2011). However, even short term contact with secondhand smoke can damage cells in ways that set the cancer process in

It is also the most common form of lung cancer in women and people younger than 45. As with other forms of lung cancer, your risk of Adenocarcinoma increases if you smoke. “Smoking cigarettes is by far the leading risk factor for lung cancer. In fact, cigarette smokers are 13 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers. Cigar and pipe smoking are almost as likely to cause lung cancer as cigarette smoking. As well as breathing tobacco smoke, nonsmokers who inhale fumes from cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking have an increased risk of lung cancer. Those who are exposed to radon gas are prone to the inhabitance of Adenocarcinoma. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas formed in the ground. It seeps into the lower floors of homes and other buildings and can contaminate drinking water. Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer”(Adenocarcinoma of the Lung). It 's not clear whether elevated radon levels contribute to lung cancer in nonsmokers. But radon exposure does contribute to increased rates of lung cancer in smokers and in people who regularly breathe high amounts of the gas . “Those who are exposed to asbestos are also prone to this type of lung cancer. Asbestos is a mineral used in insulation, fireproofing materials, floor and ceiling tiles, automobile brake linings, and other products. People exposed to asbestos on the job (miners, construction workers, shipyard workers, and some auto mechanics) have a

From the book Alchemist, Santiago continues his journey to find his treasure. On the way to his destination, he has experience and learn a lot of things. One of the lesson that Santiago learned that is important to me, I think it is empower yourself to dream. I think everyone has a dream, without a dream some people will feel it is pointless by living in this world or life goals. In the book, Santiago’s dream is the treasure which is located at Egypt, he desired to go ahead and find the treasure. During the trip to Egypt, he meets a lot of people and someone who is actually important to him, she is called Fatima. However, to achieve your goal and your Personal Legend, there are something that you may loss during the process. In this case, when

*Smoke alarms detect the smoke that comes from a fire; once it detects the smoke the smoke will trigger an alarm sound to ring off. The Ionization smoke detector detects smoke by sensing smoke particles. When these smoke particles pass through a chamber, it will absorb the alpha particles present from the alpha source. The smoke absorbing the alpha particles will lower the level of ionization inside the alarm, disturbing the flow of electrodes within an air-filled space container. When the flow is disturbed this will trigger the alarm to ring. There are optical smoke detectors that

Chemical and radiological terrorism is the form of terrorism in which terrorists use materials such as chlorine, ammonia, Americium-241, or Cesium-137 to directly or make a device to place toxic or fatal exposure in public or private areas, or place materials with radiation emitting materials in public or private places to cause damage or irreversible harm to the people that live or work there. Short-term exposure to low-level radiation is not harmful though, and many people living in spaces that were built with the International Building Code are exposed to the material Americium-241, which is used in the detector of most of all smoke alarms, but in very low-level radiation, which people should not worry about. Although, because of this use,

Carbon Monoxide: Colorless and odorless, this lethal gas kills an average of 400 people each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fumes can emit from fireplaces, stoves, gas ranges and other fuel-based appliances. A reliable carbon monoxide detector from Honeywell

In the year 1966, less than 100 million adults across the globe had cell phones. However, as of 2016, there were 4.23 billion mobile phone users across the globe. The exponential increase in mobile phone use has made it urgent to determine whether or not mobile phone radiation poses a health hazard. The question of whether mobile phone radiation affects our health has been surrounded by controversy since the introduction of mobile phones.

The effect of technology on health is widespread. Some technologies result in mild health effects after a short time, and continuous exposure may lead to more detrimental health effects. Exposure to some technology may also have a negative health effect after a short time depending on the intensity of exposure. Radio frequencies could be found in different technologies that are harmful to human’s health at certain points. Electric power lines are common in most places, and wireless devices also increase the availability of radiofrequency (American Academy of Environmental Medicine, 2008). Non-ionizing radiation from cell phones, Wi-Fi, and radiofrequency result in adverse health effects such as neurological degeneration, reproductive defects, nervous system dysfunction, peptide and protein damage, and kidney damage (American Academy of Environmental Medicine, 2008).

Whatever their direct health impact on or benefit to smokers, cigarette filters pose a serious litter and toxic

The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured in the material collected from two locations. The collected materials are tested using gamma ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in building material it varies from 12.6 to 121.4, 13.6 to 142 and from 69.5 to 620.6 Bqkg_1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose and hazard index is also calculated