Describe The Functional Components Of The Renal Corpuscle Di

In this lab experiment, half our group observed and measured osmosis using dialysis tubes that were represented as the semipermeable membrane. It is permeable to water and other small molecules but is impermeable to larger molecules such as the sucrose solution used in each of the four beakers and tubing. The other half of our group observed the tonicity of sheep blood to determine whether the blood was isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic. The 85 g/dL of NaCl solution was the ideal isotonic number in relation to the sheep blood cells as well as a reference to the other observations of the solutions.

A very carefully regulated process is solute concentration. If there is a sudden increase in water which enters the extracellular fluid, sodium ions will then contribute less to the extracellular solute concentration as the ratio between water and solute has now changed. Osmolality is the amount of solute in a kilogram, hence the osmolality in the extracellular space has also decreased.

The functions of the renal system, which are performed by the kidneys, are to regulate and maintain the balance of electrolytes and the pH of the fluid that has been processed. It assists in the production of new red blood cells and it also involved in the maintenance of blood pressure.

Selective reabsorption occurs straight after ultrafiltration and this involves the filtrate running along the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), “through the loop of Henle, and along the distal convoluted tubule” as cited by (Parson’s, R: p129). But it is important to note that the proximal convoluted tubule’s walls contain microvilli which supply a big surface area for the reabsorption of helpful materials from the filtrate into the blood. Other helpful solutes, for example vitamins, amino acids, glucose

C. What is the function of the ureter? How does the structure support this function?

3. What would happen to the amount of H+ secreted into the renal tubule if the activity of the Na+ /K+

The difference is that along with large molecules, living cells prevent molecules with positive charges and solubility. This is not representing in dialysis tubing, and is only found in living cells because the tubing is only based on molecular size (98). When referring the rate of diffusion, the concentration gradient influences the diffusion rate, based on the factors of temperature. The ability for molecules diffuse from high to low concentrations primarily depends on the concentration gradient between the two areas.(96-99). My hypothesis for the study is that in the hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions, the direction and rate of osmosis will determine based on the concentration inside the dialysis tubing. My prediction is that if the solution is hypotonic the results will decrease, if the solution is hypertonic the results will increase and if the solution is isotonic the solution will vary and or remain constant.

It represents the part of the kidney that acts like a semipermeable membrane, the nephrons. The nephrons are made of membranous tubules that act analogously to the semipermeable dialysis bag. When blood passes through the tubules, particles in the blood leave the tubule by the process of diffusion.

After passing through the esophagus, which absorbs much of the salt ions in the swallowed saltwater, and the gut the luminal fluid is isosmotic with the plasma. The intestines continue to absorb salt (sodium through chloride co-transport proteins and the chloride through the sodium co transport proteins and anion exchange protinis) which is followed by an uptake of water. More chloride is absorbed than sodium which creates an electrogradient in the cell (the cell being more positive and the plasma more negative). The anion exchanger intakes chloride all while excreting HCO3- into the intestinal lumen. The intestinal fluid is highly alkaline, high in HcO3- and high in calcium (from the environment), this allows for CaCo3 to be precipitated in the

distal tubule adjusts the ionic balance of the body by changing the amount of sodium

They move in the direction from the bloodstream into the tubule. These substances are K+ ions, H+ ions, NH4+ ions, creatinine, urea, some hormones, etc. (which can be natural harmful substances if an excessive amount exists in the body)

d. Describe the collecting duct role relative to urine concentration. Depending on the body fluid

The kidneys play host to a variety of different important functions in our bodies. The kidney’s primary function is the removal of toxins, which is excreted in the form of urine. The second extremely important role of the kidneys is maintaining the body’s acid-base balance. This is balance is maintained by the excretion of fixed acids and the reabsorption of bicarbonate. The hormonal functions of the kidneys include the regulation of blood pressure and the manufacturing of red blood cells.

Glomerular capsule and glomerulus. - The glomerular capsule is the filtrations system for the glomerulus. Blood that enters this capsule has filterable and non-filterable components inside of it. This is the first process in the formation of urine.

There is a pair of kidneys in the human body. They are situated towards the back of the body under the ribs, just at the level of the waist where one on either side of the body. Each kidney is composed of about one million units which are called nephrons and each nephron consists of two parts: a filter which is called the glomerulus and a tubule leading out from the nephron (Cameron 1999). According to Marshall and Bangert (2008) the kidneys have three major functions. Firstly, the kidneys are excretion of waste from plasma in the blood. The second function is that, they maintain of extracellular fluid volume and composition. Lastly, the kidneys have a role in hormone synthesis.