Describe The Importance Of Zebrafish

Over 25 years ago, a new species was discovered that completely shocked the world, a crayfish-like no other, named the marbled crayfish.As their name suggests, they include an alluring brown colored marbled pattern, which is identical from individual to individual. To this day, the marbled crayfish is more diverse than any other crayfish because it is able to clone itself without any involvement of a male, in a matter of hours. This crayfish is new mutant species which has generated immense concern as a potential invasive species. What really shocks the scientists is the fact that they can reproduce at extraordinary rates from 250 to 300 clones in a few months and are already spreading rapidly throughout the globe. This creature was never

First of all, these shellfish get their name from the Zebra like stripes that cover its “D shape” shell. It is approximately two inches or less in length and have “sticky byssal threads that they use to attach tightly to any hard surface” (3.). When it comes times for them to reproduce, the female may produce up to 500,000 eggs in a single year. These eggs eventually develop into a small microscopic larva that will ultimately begin to form their own shells. These Zebra Mussels first landed on the map in the late 1980’s by hitching rides in the ballast waters of cargo ships. First they started showing themselves in the great lakes and from there they spread.

In continuing with the shark example, lemon sharks have demonstrated behavioral adaptations through social learning. “Social learning is taxonomically widespread and can provide distinct behavioral advantages, such as in finding food or avoiding predators more efficiently” (Guttridge, van Dijk, Stamhuis, Krause, & Gruber, 2013, p. 55). Social learning theories believe that individuals learn particular behaviors by observing those around them and then mimicking that behavior. Social learning in lemon sharks can occur when a particular behavior, such as foraging, is exhibited by the other sharks in their given population, and that behavior attracts positive attention, acting as either a stimulus or a reward. In a study by Guttridge et al. (2013), researchers were able to track some of the social behaviors that are demonstrated by the lemon shark, including following or leading the other sharks in their group, accelerated swimming at potential pray, and target zone entry based on obtaining a particular stimulus or reward. These learned behaviors will be advantageous to future populations since they will be demonstrated to the upcoming generations. Similarly, changes in migration patterns has been seen in several species of sharks, predominantly as a result of overfishing and pollution of their habitats.

Instead, a measurement called the encephalization quotient (EQ) is used to compare the relative size of an animal's brain. Although humans have the highest EQ with values up to 7.0, bottlenose dolphins, with an approximate EQ of 4.0, have a higher EQ than chimpanzees, who possess an EQ of 2.4 (Reiss et al., 1997). This suggests that dolphins require brain processing capability more comparable to humans than other animals. Much of the dolphin brain (15%) is comprised of the cerebellum, which coordinates muscular activity, while the cerebral cortex, which is associated with intelligence, is only 80% the size of that of humans (Reynolds et al., 2000). However, dolphin cerebral hemispheres show a higher degree of folding than humans, increasing the surface area and the number of nerve cells in the brain (Reynolds et al., 2000). The acoustic cranial nerve in dolphins contains the largest nerve fibers of all vertebrates, which allows for acoustic information to travel to the brain up to five times faster than in other mammals (Reynolds et al., 2000). Studies of the laterality of the dolphin brain, especially their unihemispheric sleep patterns, strongly suggest hemispheric asymmetry and independence (Reiss et al., 1997). Brain laterality may correspond to complex cognitive functions, such as language processing and brain economization. However, it is also important to look at behavioral

2013;90:118–126). Zebrafish are not only cost-efficient, but also easy to house. Therefore, they are considered ideal species for studying genetic mutations and molecular pathways (Ali S, et al.2012;228:272–283). Zebrafish are known to be social animals, which is an effective representation of human nature. Zebrafish also make very good research models to test for long-term stress disorders since they have the ability to show a wide variety of behavioral changes that can be observed in human

Founded in 2001, Yorktown Technologies, Inc. is a company that specializes in the ornamental fish industry. The globalization of the ornamental fish industry happened over a half a century ago. Hundreds of freshwater and saltwater fish can be purchased as pets in virtually any industrialized nation in the world (Broy, 2011). Yorktown Technologies commercializes a genetically modified fish called GloFish, which appear to glow in the dark (Mueller, 2010). GloFish are zebrafish that have been genetically modified with fluorescent colors. They are the first genetically modified animals to become publicly available as pets

The latest work concerning the role of Shh in zebrafish neurulation is likely to become also published in high impact factor

What does the zebra do that it became an invasive species? Zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper rivers. However, the zebra mussel has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas, and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, they have invaded the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. They are commonly found on the bottom of ships and eat the algae that is food for fish. Inspectors check ships for the mussels before they leave port. Zebra mussels are native to Eastern Europe and Western Russia and were brought over to the Great Lakes in the ballast water of ships. Populations of zebra mussels were first discovered in the Great Lakes in 1988. Impacts: Zebra mussels can be a

Zebras have a pH of 6-7 but their stomachs are very acidic with a pH of 1-2. Their stomachs are more acidic because they have to break down the food a lot and need higher levels of acidity to do so.

I am writing about zebras did you know that there are 3 types of zebras [1] the plains zebra,[2] the grevy's zebra,[3] and the mountain zebra. The mountain zebra live in the mountain they migration every year. The grevy's zebra migration every year too I think all zebra migration every year. The plains zebra are the same they just do not have the same name. So now you know that there are 3 types of zebras

One of the fish studies that provides evidence of convergence and cognitive functioning in fish, is Schuster studies on archerfish. Archerfish use a blast of water from their mouths to hunt insects, and Shuster believes these archerfish are making complex intelligent decisions while doing so. Shuster explains how the archerfish hunt, and how they cant hit targets out of water at very high speeds, but in many of Shusters experiments it was concluded that the ability for an archerfish to shoot insects at full speed, and on an angle, was something they learned by watching other fish perform this task. Social learning was very popular with the archerfish.

Zebrafish are an ideal organism to work with, they are easily stored and the cost value isn’t very high. The Zebrafsh that were preserved and used for trials in this research took place in the setting of the University of Sydney Animal Ethics Committee. “The fish were kept at a 14 h light/8 h dark cycle at 28.5°C “ (Rinwitz) There were two microliter of purified BAC DNA, which were mixed with Transpose mRNA. The transposes mRNA was shot into the zebrafish fertilized eggs. The following day, the zebrafish eggs were examined under the “fluorescent stereomicroscope” (Rinwitz). A fairly large mount off embryos survived to become adults. “Two to three positive founder fish were identified for each modified BAC and the F1 offspring was

2016). The observation in HVC premotor neurons of these zebra finches leads to spiking activities that are caused by song playbacks in each individual. It suggests the instructive role for HVC premotor circuit in most juvenile zebra finches, which accounts to create the spiking activity within HVC by being exposed to song patterns. For juvenile individual, it is rather to be seen the progress of learning through reflected activities in spiking pattern within HVC premotor neurons. On the contrary, adult awaken zebra finches do not seem to express similar patterns of spiking activities. It is thought to be the decrease in strength of sensory afferents from auditory projection to HVC. However, the main reason for the awake adult individuals to not express learning spiking patterns is due to inhibition activities that suppress excitation within HVM premotor neuron regions. This hypothesis is tested and confirmed as in the study itself: “To test that hypothesis, we locally infused a GABAA antagonist (gabazine) and recorded HVC premotor neurons during tutor song exposure in adults. Once local inhibition was attenuated, HVC premotor neurons exhibited tutor song–evoked patterned spiking responses similar to

Both Xenopus and Zebrafish have a known genome and knockdowns of genes etc., can be easily performed and observed as micro-manipulation of both Zebrafish and Xenopus are relatively easy to do as they are robust embryos. It is also worth mentioning that while both animals are excellent models for development, genetic studies cannot be done on Xenopus

Transition: After learning about a dolphin’s sense of communication, we can now build upon this information by examining their unique behavior.