Globalization and Imperialism Labor forces progressed over the 16th to 20th century by globalization and imperialism. Globalization is the “process by which markets, politics, values, and environmental change are integrated across the globe” (Marks 214). It is how the economy grows over time be better and make more money. Imperialism is the reconstruction of the economy, society, politics, and culture (Hu 3/22/18). Globalization and imperialism go together as they both are how the economy is changing and how to make it better. The different labor forces have different ways that they became markets towards globalization and each had their own way of influencing imperialism. There were multiple different labor systems from the 16th century …show more content…
All labor forces cannot have the same working conditions because they are not producing the same product or in the same environment. The production of nitrogen fertilizer in Guano in 1854 was still bad even though slavery had been banned such as, swollen legs, lung disease, suicide, with low pay (Hu 3/29/18). The workers were promised to be let free of working after three years, there was no rain and condensed water and had a quota of 4 tons per day (Hu 3/29/18). With no rain with very little water to drink, the workers were constantly on their feet and could not physically do it anymore. Many of them would feel suicide was the only way out if they did not want to do it for the three years. Silver mining had similar working conditions but in a different environment, the mining in the caves were very dangerous. Going down into the mine they only had a candle light tied to a rope leading them, they had no water and had to bring up at least 2,500 pounds of silver up a day (Robins 76). Rural immigrants worked in dark, damp, and cold cave-ins and were tortured and got wage decreases (Hu 2/20/18). Since the production of coal is down 500 feet into a cave, there are not so many safe ways to get it so if they want silver they have to take the chances. Silver became globalized when he Spaniards found thirty-two million pounds of silver in America and worked eight million Indians to get it (Marks 79). After the Dutch, English, and Italian financiers got the silver they made trade with China and Indian Ocean (Marks 81). China had high demand for silver trying to increase to the modern economy because it was cheap in America and expensive there (Marks 81). Silver helped imperialize China’s economy to be one of the first to reach the modern
In Document 5 the author Xu Dunqui Ming writes about how important silver coins were for the economy of China.. During the Ming dynasty in China they replaced “in-kind” purchasing with silver meaning that instead of being able to trade in goods for some other form of goods everything must be paid for with silver coins. Whole Thai did make the Chinese economy much more stronger it deeply hurt it at the same time in the following way. As seen In Document 3 Wang Xijue States that the growing popularity of the silver as a payment for taxes actually affected cultivators. As they only were allowed to pay taxes and goods with silver the majority of their silver went to paying for the taxes which in turn caused them to not have sufficient silver in order to pay for farming tools, or laborers.
Documents 3,5,6, 7 and 8 all mention how the economy changed dramatically due to the arrival and growth of silver as a currency. In document 3, a Ming dynasty court official writes about how the silver coin is hard to come by because the government is hoarding all of it. They take silver for taxes but do not redistribute it to the people. He is writing this because he is trying to convince the emperor to distribute the silver more appropriately to the people, and because his family is obviously not doing well financially. He is a court official who most likely has small influence in the government and writes in hopes of getting the emperor to consider spreading the wealth to the lower classes of China, to save his family, and other families like his. Document 5 expresses a different, but somewhat related view about how silver has become a hindrance to regular business interactions, because customers can no longer trade items of their own to purchase goods, they have to go through a lengthy process to pay everything in silver. Document 6 shows a counter point of view about the wealth that the mining of silver has brought to Spain. Document 7 is a report written to convince the emperor of China that there is much wealth to be found in foreign trade, because of how much silver some countries will pay for Chinese goods. Finally, document 8 examines how European countries are able to purchase Asian commodities freely because of their immense supply
The author also mentions that China-based their economy on the exchange of silver. Another important thing in this chapter was the role of the Chinese voyages in the history of China and the entire world. The voyages that were created around the 1400s were used for three reasons,
Between the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, silver production or the increased flow of silver had an effect in the society and economy(both good and bad) throughout the world. While the Spanish colonial America and Tokugawa Japan were leading the world in silver production, the government of Ming China were making all domestic taxes and trade fees be paid in silver.
Following the travels of Christopher Columbus and the Conquistadores, the Spanish soon realized that they were as a matter of fact, not off the coast of China. But rather than completely abandon the area due to its lack of gold, silk, and spices, they decided to stay for the abundance of silver. In this, they enslaved and killed entire populations in their quest for this mineral. However, in doing so they practically started a new economic era for the Europeans. The heightened flow of silver from the mid-16th to the early- 18th century resulted in social and economic effects in trade centers around the world by further integrating the Europeans into the global trade market and consequently increasing social divisions in China due to improved
From 1570 to 1750, silver was mainly mined in Spanish colonial America and Japan. They traded their silver and gold for Chinese luxuries and about 30% of all the silver exported by the Spanish Americas ended up in China. Having required that all taxes and trade fees be paid in silver, China’s economy was soon backed by silver. Though it may seem like this only affected China, this caused a great impact on the whole world both socially and economically because, like it said in document 1, even the poorest men had silver in China, but in Spain, prices of precious Asian luxuries increased, and, due to the widespread distribution of silver, the value of silver decreased (document 2), which harmed Spain’s economy greatly. This also affected Britain
From 1500 to 1750 silver production was led by Tokugawa Japan and Spanish colonial America around the world. Silver was important and very needed but hard to obtain. In China for example the government only accepted silver as a form of payment for domestic taxes and trade fees. During the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century the effects of silvers global flow was impacting. Socially, the silver flow caused people to suffer while turning others greedy making them unfair with trade. Economically , the global flow made it difficult for people to stay afloat.
Silver, the monopoly of the old world changed many things. In China, there was such a lust for silver that they now began interacting with Europe. Spain began venturing to the Americas in search for silver. Doc. 3, 5, and 6 talks about how China was hurting their own economy by hording the silver and they didn’t give it back out to their people, Doc. 2 and 4 explains Asian trade and how it changed China, Doc. 7 and 8 talks about how China benefited from the silver trade the most. Doc. 3, 5, and 6 talks about how China was hurting their own economy by hording the silver and they didn’t give it back out to their people.
Because of these new class of European merchants and business people the demand became greater and similarly did they compete against each other for the supply of silver in the Americas. Though the flow of silver was sought as beneficial to China, it eventually lead to
Silver production in the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century increased substantially due to Spaniards gaining control of Potosí. This led to them creating mines in the area, which was rich in silver. By doing this, they substantially increased the silver in the hands of the Spaniards, which they mainly used to pay for luxury goods and products from Asia. The silver trade had long reaching effects on the social and economic state of empires and countries worldwide from the time period of the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. Socially, the silver trade affected the Chinese social mindset and structure and caused them to change. Economically, the silver trade negatively affected the economy of Europe overall.
The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations.
During the mid sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, the usage of silver was immensely popular because of its dominance in trade such as the requirement of paying domestic taxes and trade fees with silver in the Ming Dynasty. Thus, the increased flow of silver caused social and economic effects in all region associated with trade such as Ming China, Spain, Tokugawa Japan and England by increasing trade and wealth but also profoundly weakening the state of these countries such as increasing social division, competition, and inflation.
The working conditions and working rights in the late 1800s and early 1900s were lacking and required some help to make more humane. Before any of the laws that helped reform our nation, working in mines or factories was dangerous and not worth the effort. Secondly, the hours were unethical, as workers sometimes had to toil away for 12 hours, seven days a week with a one day break every two weeks. Workers who were fighting for their rights were not alone, as there were some people who also believed morality was more important at the moment. The changes made were for the better and made the world of hard labor a better place. Thankfully, these rules were not ever taken away and people now live to know that they will earn the money and rights that they deserve.
When thinking about what Occupational Therapists (OT’s) and what they write it is a lot of goal setting, documenting what they found, and writing a proper diagnosis analysis. . Elders and children that have suffered from things such as disease, surgery, or injury is the main market for OT’s because it is a motor system disease based job. Writing about goal setting and diagnosis; treatment OT’s are a very important to those in which diseased. There are multiple different types of writing in OT; the diagnosis paper is not going to be the same style as a function-bases goal writing assessment. It is very important that each paper that is written that it is full of vital information that will help not only you but the patient to properly grow and develop correctly.
Europe seemed to remain the most neutral in this desperate silver trade, choosing to remain only involved enough to observe. British merchants were not entirely reliant on trade to or from the Asian worlds so merely recorded how China received “nothing but silver” (Doc. 4) and the Portuguese use this to “their good advantage in China”. However, England could not remain completely unaffected as scholars such as Charles D’Avenant observed. Luxury goods especially spices and silks have become prominent in European culture. While Europe draws from Asia “nothing on solid use” it has “tasted of this luxury” (Doc. 8) and it is not advisable for England to pull out of this silver trade. England could afford to remain more objective, but it could not pull out entirely. It had roots planted early on, and it would cause severe social disturbance to tear them up.