Describe and Evaluate Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory

Perhaps the most influential explanation of attachment was presented by John Bowlby who began developing his ideas in the 1940s. Bowlby was commissioned by the World Health Organisation to investigate whether young children were likely to be harmed if they are separated from their mothers in the early years. (Hayes, 1996). Bowlby (1951) reported that infants possesses an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure (this was usually the mother). According to Hayes (1996), this is a special relationship which is qualitatively different from the relationship they form with any other kind of person. He described this as the process of monotropy; however, Bowlby did not deny that babies formed lots of attachments. (Bailey et al. 2008).

I agree that the Harry Harlow study is entirely relevant to life today, useful, and in no way cruel to the monkeys involved. It demonstrates the importance of contact comfort

Harlow gathered 16 rhesus monkeys, placing some with a cloth covered monkey that did not produce food, and some with a wired monkey that dispensed food. With this presence, it was found that the newborns didn’t die as they had the cloth to cuddle. It was found that the monkeys would rather cuddle the cloth covered monkey rather than the wired one which produced food, just to establish a sense of contact comfort, which was much more important for the attachment of the monkeys. Harlow also followed monkeys which had been deprived of a ‘real’ mother at birth and found the wire mother reared monkeys were dysfunctional but those with the cloth covered one didn’t develop normal social

Harry Harlow 's research on monkey 's support 's Bowlby 's theory of attachment as he investigated ‘the nature of human love and affection ' (Cherry, 2016) through monkeys. This shows Harlow 's experiments demonstrated the importance of early attachments, emotional bonds and how attachment increases a healthy development. Harlow 's experiment consisted of ‘two wired surrogate mothers and an infant monkey separated from their mother hours after birth. One of the wired monkeys had a soft terrycloth around it and the other one only had food attached with to it. ' (Cherry, 2016) This was set up to find out which wired monkey the baby monkeys would be attached to more. Harlow 's study showed that ‘the

This paper aims to study the traits of non-human primates. By observing two types of primates including Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and Western Gorillas (Gorilla Gorillas), I try to find out their characteristics, pattern of their behavior, and differences between these two primate species. Especially, characteristics and behavior such as social interaction, food acquisition and intelligence will be discussed and compared in this paper. In order to enhance the persuasiveness of my observation, I recorded and examined at least 25 distinct characteristics of both Common Squirrel Monkeys and Western Gorillas. It is also helpful for me to compare these two primates. Apart from exploring the primates’ traits and differentiation between them, this paper will discuss the effects of captivity. How being in captivity and on display in a zoo would influence their behaviors and emotions? The observation was a great success and I have successfully derived with a hypothesis base on our observing data. The ultimate goal of this paper is arousing humans’ awareness of the importance of studying primates.

According to the Harlow’s monkey experiment showing to us, that how the attached our relationship as the humans between an infants and parents. This experiment teach us to how healthy relationship parents needs to develop and maintains with children so in the future they do not feel insecure attachment. Based on an experiment, every human being and different types of animals always need a love, comfort, warmth from every relationship. Some people can lives without foods some weeks or several months but those people are given most importance to the human psychology behaviors like thought, feelings, attitudes and values between the children and parents. For example, new born baby already have strong biologically, psychology and physically bonds

In this different group of primates is been observed that tarsiers are involved in infanticide to. There are many explanations that have been discussed to explain this behavior. One of them is that some organisms recurred to kill infants for nutritive purposes. Another factor is that some animals will the new born just to eliminate the completion for food u other resources. Scientist also explains that male tarsiers will engage in infanticide to gain reproductive advantages killing babies that are not related to them. Doing this, male tarsiers increase their probability of getting the female pregnant, because, while the female is nursing its new born, they cannot get pregnant, nursing is a natural contraceptive in some animals. Is been observed

Primates have very defined parenting habits when compared to some other animals in the mammal classification. For starters parents in the primate category show a large amount of investment in their offspring that is unparalleled by other species in the mammal category. Some primates even go as far to show family qualities, where a father has a part in raising a child, where as in other mammal it is usually left up to the mother alone to take care and provide for a child. Scientist and Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted a study to examine the level of bond that is created in a primate mother/child relationship. His studies found that there is a strong need for primate children to have the physical and emotional bond of their mothers, and this bond is crucial for development.

Male infants spend significantly more time with mothers during the first 2 years of life compared to female infants. After 2 years of age, males spend much less time with mothers than do females. Offspring have close relations with their mothers even once they are adults, which is uncharacteristic of other apes

This essay will look at research into the effects of deprivation and privation of a maternal attachment on orphans in both Romania and around the world. Attachment is the emotional tie to a parent that an infant experiences, giving the child security. It develops gradually to the primary care giver and is important for survival (Boyd & Bee, 2009). In some cases children may experience a disruption of this attachment which is known as deprivation (Key Book Ref).

Although Harlow was able to provide evidence that related to the infant-mother attachment in monkeys, it cannot relate to humans as a result of the laboratory conditions and sample size used in Harlow’s Monkey Study. Lastly, I personally believe that by either replacing the surrogate mother with either an adoptive mother or their father and by providing a more natural environment for the Rhesus Monkeys, it will allow Harlow’s study to be more accurate and reliable by increasing the Ecological Validity and allowing the study to be more

this, it may seem that animal behaviour study particularly that of monkey behaviour can be helpful in

The hypothesis that was being tested was how infanticide ranges from occurring much more frequently in multi-male gorilla groups versus single male groups, and how females form bonds with males in order to protect their infants.

This is completely irrational. Harlow's baby monkeys study mentioned by Mook (1983) states that mother monkeys are composed of wire or terry-cloth. The settings are problematic because it is unrealistic to make wire or terry-cloth figure analogical to fake monkey mothers. The reason why baby monkey clings to the cloth mother might be because it is more comfortable or warmer but not mother love. As baby monkey cannot talk, its feeling is never known. Since the fake monkey mothers do not resemble to the real ones, it seems difficult to draw a sensible findings generalization on attachment of monkey with mother. Although the aim of the experiment is not to generalize the reality, it still needs a setting more similar to real life as required by external validity in order to draw a reasonable findings generalization. Thus, to form findings generalization, we cannot totally neglect the importance of external validity which requires high similarity of settings to the real life. (606

Dian helped us connect even more to the foreign primates by focusing on the different habits of mother, baby, and adolescent gorillas. Giving each gorilla a name, Fossey helped us almost humanize the animals through her vivid descriptions of their personality and behavior. She showed us that gorilla mothers protect, care for, and discipline their infants. Gorilla babies develop much the same ways humans do; acquiring skills as they age. Adolescents can be just as curious as they are mischievous. Fossey's work helps replace the image of the gorilla as a ferocious animal into one that is kind, gentle, and more human-like that we had never known.