Describe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People's Development from Birth to 19 Years

Babies will bring their hands together intentionally and soon after will try to bat at objects or grasp things

Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include:

* Have different cries for different needs. For example one cry for hunger, another when they are tired.

2.1 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors

Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years

Explain the reasons why children and young people's development may not follow the expected pattern

| * Usually born around 40 weeks gestation * Has swallowing and sucking reflex * Has rooting reflex * Has grasp reflex * Walking or standing reflex * Gaining about 5-7 ounces per week * Growth about 5cms by age 2 months

At birth surprisingly a child has intellectually learned to do things already such as smell their mother and recognise her voice. They have also learnt that when they cry it lets people know that they need help and within the first few days of life they learn to use their senses particularly touch, taste and sound. At infancy a child is expected to weigh around 3.5kg or 7 1/2lbs and 50cm long. Bonding is very important socially and emotionally for both mother and baby, helps relationship in later life because they become closer. The babies reflexes are now improving, some of them are automatic responses. E.g. sucking a nipple or a bottle. Grasp reflex is when a

Enjoys playing with other children for a few minutes or have a couple of close friends they play with

Relaxes body when held and cuddled Enjoys and needs lots of physical contact Relaxes body when held and cuddles 3 mths. : Watches own hands Begins to clasp and unclasp hands together in finger play Presses palms together Hands more open (50% of time or more) Tries to reach for object (cannot grasp) Holds rattle momentarily when placed in hand Brings

It is important to mention that infants are not completely helpless. Whether their inability to move around, they have their way to respond to the environment through the reflexes such as: the routing reflex which occurs when the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. We also have the sucking reflex that occurs when newborns suck and object placed in their mouth. The reflex enables newborns to get nourishments before it has begun to

Babies may suck their own fingers or even one of a baby near him. Gradually, these movements become more distinguished and more directed, displaying primary intelligence as when babies grasp a rattle and shake it, rub a blanket, tug at their ear, and suck on a nipple when hungry, rather than on a pacifier. In the sub-stage periods babies tend to become more sensitive to a mobile or mother’s face with interest by being more complex and more complex and repetitive.

Infants begin experimenting different sounds and actions through a trial-and-error pattern in order to be exhibited to the parent’s attention often. During this stage, infants show goal-directed behavior displaying purposeful responses to other people. For instance, a crawling baby will show goal-directed behavior by crawling to a covert in the kitchen, where his sippy cups are stored, taking one out holding it up and grunt to his father as if to say, “I’m thirsty!” Their actions are purposeful. Another important thing happening in the secondary circular reactions sub stage four is that infants achieve object permanence. Object permanence is when an infant is watching an object which then disappears, the infant is still thinking about it or can try to look for object. Even if it is out of sight, it is still on

In observing a normal newborn's behaviors and activities, reflexes play an important role. They help to identify normal brain and nerve activity. In my observation of Baby A, she demonstrated reflexes of rutting in finding the nipple of her bottle, sucking, head turning and grasping of my fingers. Although she was born full-term, she was quite small in stature and weight. She also showed alertness to senses of sight, hearing, taste and touch. Of course, at first, she slept most of the time while she was in my care, but as she aged, she became more active and alert. The key element to keeping Baby A happy was taking care of her physical needs first…diaper changes, feeding and burping. Although she is still very small in weight and height, she shows no sign of delayed development and is now a happy, healthy toddler.

Innate or instinctive behaviors are thought to be inherited behavioral responses to a particular event or stimulus (e.g., modal action pattern). A reflexive response could be characterized as an involuntary response pertaining to a specific stimulus, for example dust irritating the nasal passageway eliciting a sneeze. The concept of the reflex was described in the works of René Descartes who was influential in our understanding of involuntary behavior, and thought it was a commonality we shared with animals. These reflexive processes are thought to be evolutionary adaptations to one’s environment, some of these reflexive adaptations are apparent in infants such as the grasping reflexe and sucking reflex identified by Schott and Rossor (2003).