Describe the Major Bones, Muscles, Joints and Joint Actions Used to Perform This Movement Skill and How They Influence the Way the Body Moves. over Arm Throw

In these types of joints the fibers are very short and allow for little of no movement. Synarthroses joints come together at a point at which adjacent bones are bound

The Humerus makes up the arm and is a long bone (Marieb 160). "At the distal end of the humerus is the medial trochlea which looks somewhat like a spool, and the lateral ball-like capitulum" (Marieb 161). These two processes join together with the radius and ulna which are the two bones or the forearm (Marieb 161). The ulna processes are allowed to move freely during flexion and extension of the elbow due to the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa (Marieb 161). The coronoid fossa is "a depression" (Marieb 161) above the trochlea anteriorly and the olecranon fossa is on the posterior surface (Marieb 161). These two depressions allow the "ulna to move when the elbow is extended and bent" (Marieb

Movements at any particular joint are possible because of its structure and the skeletal muscles that contract to pull the bone into a different position.

A synovial joint is unreservedly movable diarthroses joints, and they are classified by the sort and range of movement allowed. Hinge joint allows angular and monaxial motion in a single plane 180 degrees, such as opening and shutting the door. The hinge joint is located at the elbow joints, knee joints, ankle joint and the interphalangeal joint. In a ball and socket joint, it is a ball-shaped surface and rounded head of one bone is rested inside a container moulded depression in another. The movements that are allowed are the angular, circumduction, and rotation, triaxial which are moved into all the direction in three dimensions 360 degrees. It found in the shoulder joint and the hip joint. Further, the pivot joints also called the rotary

Fibula- it is a long bone in the lower leg. It runs parallel to the shinbone (tibia). Its plays a role of stabilizing the ankle and also supporting the muscles of the lower leg. http://www.innerbody.com/image_skelfov/skel27_new.html

Volleyball players will do a lot of running and jumping during the game. Gliding joint which is located at the ankle plays an important role in this movement. It helps bones sliding or twisting in the different way. Running also requires flexible hip, knees and ankle. These help the players to gain more strength. Those who have the lower body, they will take an action to spike the ball

The relationship between bone and muscles, attached by tendons, make most of an organism's movement possible. Muscles are able to move body parts by contracting and then relaxing. A skeletal muscle is attached to one bone at the origin and moves the bone at the insertion. Muscles are paired due to their inability to move by themselves. One muscle pulls a bone in one direction, and another pulls that bone back to its original position. Muscles can pull bones, but they can't push them back to their original position, which makes them work in pairs of flexors and extensors. The flexor contracts to bend a limb at a

C. Diarthrosis joints has the highest level of movement. Ex. Elbow, knee, shoulder and wrist

The hip joint being the weight bearing joint of the body is most congruent under high loads. It is most stable in quadruped and in hip extension. Therefore, there is a greater chance of injury during adduction and flexion \cite{physio}.

The power of kicking a ball predominantly comes from the knee straightening. This knee extension, can only happen if the top thigh muscles contract. These muscles are called your quadriceps, that have four individual components; the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis rectus femoris and vastus intermedius. these all join just above the shin therefore being able to lift the lower leg

h the muscles of the foot. This also serves as a mitigation measure for training.

The foot is the anatomical structure for mobile. Foot is an organ at the end of the leg bone is composed of several components, including nails (nail) is a very important part of the foot is partly due to the relationship with the organs of the body. Because the feet are the focus of nerve endings and blood vessels from other parts. Which communicates through a sensory organs or lymph nodes, the feet are characteristic to act on the weight while standing or walking. While the weight of the foot and ankle muscles are fixed at the origin and insertion to move the foot and ankle to act primarily on the weight.

movement. For example, the leg bones come together at the knee to form a hinge joint that enables

This organisation allows the greatest range of motion as all movement types are possible in all directions.

To perform this action efficiently, to achieve faster speed and better accuracy upon release, the player must performing this action by rotating the trunk away from the player at which the ball is being thrown to and become slightly hyperextended. It is here that the axial skeleton comes into action with the vertebrate in particular whilst the eternal oblique’s and rectus abdominals extend and the erector spinae contract. The legs are also spread with the right hip laterally rotated and extended and the left hip is left in a neutral position underneath the athlete. By creating this position it maintains equilibrium and control of the upper body (figure 5: A). The left knee is flexed in preparation for a forceful extension during the force-producing phase through the contacting of the hamstring and lengthening of the quadriceps (figure 5:A). During this, the arm abducts whilst the elbow joint (hinge joint) flexes to a 90 degree angle as the bicep connected to the humorous is contracting (agonist) and the triceps and lengthening (antagonist). The throwing arm then goes from shoulder lateral rotation and lower arm supination to shoulder medial rotation and lower arm is pronated, supplemented by elbow extension. The trunk then rotates again to the target, the back is then hyperextended with slight lateral flexion, the arm comes forward, the wrist is flexed and the wrist snaps down (plantar