Describe the Physiology of the Cardiovascular System in Relation to Energy.

The heart is a major organ in the body, this organ pumps blood around the body, through veins, capillaries and arteries. The blood carries oxygen to our cells and also carries waste products which include water and carbon dioxide, which are products of respiration. Blood also helps spread out salts, enzymes, urea, nutrients, hormones and heat across the body.

Your body requires energy in order to be able to perform tasks. Energy comes in many different forms. They are chemical, light, sound, heat and mechanical. You can get energy from different food substances i.e. glucose, fatty acids, sugars and amino acids. To be able to get the energy from these food substances energy needs to be released with oxygen. This is known as aerobic respiration. The role that energy plays in our body is the process of moving molecules in and out of our cells while breaking down the larger molecules and building new molecules. The cardiovascular system transports oxygenated blood around the body and to the cells. It will then collect the deoxygenated blood which is ready for the excretion from the cells. The cardiovascular system will deliver the nutrients oxygen and glucose via the blood stream. Oxygen is need for aerobic respiration to occur. The cardiovascular system will pump oxygen and nutrients carrying blood throughout the body. The glucose molecules that are carried by the blood are transported into the cells. Along with the oxygen that is diffused into the cells they are used in respiration to produce ATP. The respiratory system is responsible for bringing in oxygen as well as using it to burn the nutrients that we need for energy. The respiratory system contains alveoli which allow the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream

On the right side the flow of blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava that throws out the poor oxygen blood to the right atrium. On the left side of the heart the pulmonary veins takes action that dumps the rich oxygen blood that is coming from the lungs to the left atrium. This has both sides of the heart working together. When it comes to the atrial contraction, the right side makes the blood flow to the right atrium to the right ventricle to the tricuspid valve. Once the ventricles fill up completely, that is when the tricuspid valves shut closed. This is to prevent the blood from going backwards to the atria, making the ventricles squeeze together. The left side of the atrial contraction makes the blood flow from

Blood vessels are the conduits leading to and from the heart transporting blood throughout the body (bluedoorlabs). The arteries carry blood away from the heart whereas the veins carry blood back to the heart. The capillaries allow exchange of ions, small molecules and fluids. The arteries and veins are composed of three layers known as the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. The tunica interna is a cell that lines with the blood vessels. The tunica media is the middle layer, it changes the diameter of the blood vessel, that process is known as vasomotion. Tunica externa is the outer layer, it consists of loose connective tissue.

“During the diastole phase, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the atrioventricular valves are open. De-oxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae flows into the right atrium. The open atrioventricular valves allow blood to pass through to the ventricles. The SA nodes contracts triggering the atria to contract. The right atrium empties its contents into the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve prevents the blood from flowing back into the right atrium.”(About.com)

The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body by using 2 separate pumps side by side. The left side of the pump deals with oxygenated blood from the lungs whereas the right one deals with deoxygenated blood from the body. Each pump has 2 chambers called atrium and ventricle. The walls of the atrium are thinner than the ventricle because the atrium only has to pump blood to a short distance (to the ventricle) whereas the ventricles need to pump blood to the rest of the body. The heart has 3 types of pacemaker cells called; Sino atrial (SA) node, Atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle of His which make up the electrical conduction system. SA node found in the right atrium sends a wave of depolarisation to the neighbouring muscle junction, to the left atrium by the Bachmann’s bundle and also to the AV node by the internodal tract. AV node delays the wave of depolarisation causing the ventricle to contract after the atria. The AV node causes that delay to allow all the blood to fully move from the atria to the ventricle then the ventricle can contract sending the blood out the heart. After the AV node has delayed the wave of depolarisation, the wave continues down by a bundle of His and the fibres split up by the Purkinje fibres allowing the muscle to get involved. The wave of electrical released from the fibres causes the ventricles to contract.

The heart is connected to the rest of the cardiovascular system through several large arteries and veins. The right atrium receives blood through the superior and inferior vena cava, the two largest veins of the body, while the left ventricle receives blood through the pulmonary veins. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary artery as it travels to the lungs while the left ventricle ejects the blood into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, from where it travels to the rest of the body.

To reach the body, the oxygen filled blood has to travel through the arteries. The arteries are

Blood is a major component in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for many important tasks that help the body function properly. Blood

Cardiovascular system is powered by the body’s hardest-working organ the heart, which is only about the size of a closed fist. Even at rest, the average heart easily pumps over 5 litres of blood throughout the body every minute. The cardio vascular system delivers oxygen to the body tissues from the lungs and nutrients to the liver from the intestines. The cardiovascular system also removes carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs, to be excreted and also removes waste products from the liver to the kidneys. The cardiovascular system transports white blood cells, Antibodies and hormones to different parts of the body.

Blood circulation begins when the heart relaxes, blood flows from the two chambers of the heart, known as the atria, into the lower two chambers, the ventricles, which then expand. The systematic circulation has the left ventricle pumping oxygen rich blood into the aorta. The blood then travels from the main artery to the other arteries in the capillary network. The blood will be release the oxygen, nutrients and takes the carbon dioxide and waste. After that the blood travels in the veins to the right atrium and into the right ventricle. This leads to the pulmonary circulation, which “begins with the right ventricle pumping blood that has little oxygen into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into the other arteries and capillaries” (PubMed Health, 2012). The capillaries are where the carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the pulmonary vesicles and fresh oxygen enters the bloodstream. As we breathe out carbon dioxide is released from the body and oxygen enters the lungs when we breathe in. As the “oxygen rich blood travels through the pulmonary vein and

The cardiovascular system is an organ system that allows blood to circulate and is in charge of transporting oxygen, as well as carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, and cell waste items all over the body (Pironet, et al., 2016). This system helps to regulate body temperature, maintain homeostasis, and fight diseases. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, blood and plasma of the blood, and cells.

The arteries are blood vessels that leave the heart and carry the blood to the different organs of the body.

The S-A node signal is delayed by the atrioventricular node to allow the full contraction of the atria that allows the ventricles to reach their maximum volume. A sweeping right to left wave of ventricular contraction then pumps blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The semilunar valves that separate the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta open shortly after the ventricles begin to contract. The opening of the semilunar valves ends a brief period of isometric (constant volume) ventricular contraction and initiates a period of rapid ventricular ejection.

The vessels main purpose is to transport blood from the heart too the various tissues throughout the body.