Description and Critique of the Mmpi

Therefore, as a strength of the PCL-R system, unlike APD, an antisocial lifestyle is only part of the diagnostic criteria for psychopathy (Fine, & Kennett, 2004, p. 425). Where as psychometric analysis of the PCL-R consistently identifies two factors. One of the factors corresponds to personality features, such as lacking guilt or remorse, or a lack of empathy, while the other looks into features of antisocial lifestyles, such as impulsivity or poor behaviour controls (Fine & Kennett, 2004, p. 425). The PCL-R gives individuals that are being assessed in these traits and behaviors a score from a 3-point scale (0,1, 2) (Hare et al., 2006, p. 59). Where 0 indicates that the characteristic being assessed was definitely not present or did not apply, 1 stating that there

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), “the essential feature of

There hope is to diagnosis and treat the illness at hand. This article questions the validity of diagnosing each patient. If the doctors or the nurses’ diagnosis is wrong then, the treatment will also be wrong. This can create complications for all parties at hand. Most often there is protocol that most doctors have to follow when diagnosing a patient “However, it should not be forgotten that they are all using same diagnostic manual, and probability of diagnosing a person is in depression with same instructions.”(). Now this makes a person question whether the validity is of the doctor or the protocol. If it is the protocol than that is something that needs to be evaluated. At the time the DSM system was in use for diagnosing a patient. At the time of this experiment Rosenhan used the DSM-II statistical evaluation. Years later this statistical data was look over, “According to Mattison, Cantwell, Russell, Will (1979) general inter-rater reliability of DSM-II was about %57 and %54 for axis I in DSM-III. In DSM III, which is published twelve years later after first version of DSM II, reliability scores of psychosis, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, and mental retardation was slightly higher than general reliability scores; however, as it is accepted today with the circumstance of logical base, reliability under 0.7-0.8 is found questionable and possibility of error is

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).Arlington, VA: Author.

This article states that we need to stop interchanging psychopath and sociopath, as they are two different disciplines. Pemment goes into detail about the history, research, and growth of psychopathy. He says that we need to understand the difference between the two, as the behavioral characteristics and potential treatments for each are different. The article includes details on Hervey Cleckley and Robert Hares work on psychopathy. The article describes the PCL-R, and how Hare says the test should be done. The PCL-R is used as a screening tool to identify psychopaths, and

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

If Amtrak and Metrolink want to use personality tests on their employees, the MMPI would be most effective. The positives of this test far outweigh the cons. The test examines everything about a person, from their self-esteem to emotions. It can also identify any signs of disorder in an individual. It is also widely used by many different companies to assess the success a person might have in a high-risk public safety position. The MMPI is widely considered to be the most reliable personality test. It dives much deeper into a person's psyche than any of its counterparts, like the Rorschach Test. The only downside to the MMPI is the amount of time it takes to complete. With 567 true-false questions, it can take a while to complete, but the information

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 or MMPI-2 is a widely used, 567-item, standardized personality inventory, which measures personality characteristics. The test includes several validity scales, which assist the assessor to analyze the validity of the overall test results (Groth-Marnat, 2009) and the test-taking attitude (Friedman, Bolinsky, Levak, & Nichols, 2014). The scales allow detecting the client’s intention to fake the result.

of the original scale in a number of ways including improving the reliability of the

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), is a standardized questionnaire established at the University of Minnesota in 1940. According to Hill, J. S., Pace, T. M., & Robbins, R. R. (2012) Hathaway and McKinley “selected criterion groups based on the selected criterion groups based on the clinical diagnosis and used an empirical approach in selecting items for a specific scale”. Furthermore, this inventory is one of the most popular clinical and forensic psychology tools used today and its purpose is to determine psychiatric symptoms and personality characteristics. African American groups “scored higher than Caucasians on a number of scales associated with psychopathology in early MMPI research” (Graham, 1990; Greene, 1987),

Scale X (sincerity - honesty and disclosure in his answers): 40, denoting an attitude of some hesitation or reservation to get in touch with feelings and psychological problems.

The MCMI-III is the recent development that is also preferred by psychologist in the evaluation of psychiatric patients. The MCMI-III is used to assist clinicians in making these diagnoses, and also to select the best treatment methods that are in alignment with the personality of the individual being tested. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) can also be paired with other tools to effectively diagnose and treat clinical problems that may arise. The MCMI has some characteristics that are similar to the MMMPI. They both contain true or false questions and measure different skills in the test. The MCMI like the MMMPI has a scale that is used to determine the individuals approach to the test. The MMMPI is a new development to the

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III or MCMI-III is a level C, self-report personality test created by Theodore Millon, PhD, DSc, with Carrie Millon, PhD, Roger Davis, PhD, and Seth Grossman, PsyD. The MCMI-III was published originally by NCS Pearson, Inc in 1994 but was then re-released in 1997 (Millon et al, 1997). This test is pretty pricey coming at $406.95 for the fourth edition, the third edition is no longer available for purchase since a newer version has been published and using the third edition would be unethical. The price for the fourth edition of the MCMI-III personality test is for the manual scoring starting kit, which includes: 10 test booklets, 50 answer sheets, 50 worksheets, 50 profile forms and answer keys; however the plain manual without any of the additional required items can be purchased for $61.50. The fourth edition will be released later on this year, 2015 (Clinical Psychology, 2015).

I found the MMPI-2 test to be the most interesting because it uses a system of checks and balances to rule out people who try to score a specific way. This test seems like an easy, fun questionnaire that could be found in magazines but it still has validity and can be used as a tool in diagnosing mental disorders. It has more structure and scientific backing than the Rorschach or the Five Factor Model. However, like all test the MMPI-2 is not perfect. The major limitation of the MMPI-2 is the socioeconomic and cultural discrepancy. Scores on specific portions of the test may differ significantly between economic classes and cultural groups. For example, someone may score higher on the Psychopathic Deviate portion because of the negative associations

American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.