Desegregation Acts Research Paper

The second element of the ruling - the effect it had on African-American supporters and the encouragement if afforded - had a greater impact. Paterson and Willoughby say the 'psychological need for integration6’ had been recognised, what Patterson calls ‘the symbolic value of Brown’7. All three historians agree that African-Americans needed some success to motivate the continued struggle, and this Brown provided. Patterson says activists were ‘extraordinarily heartened by Brown’8. Kevern Verney talks of a ‘renewed hope’9 given to African-Americans. They were similarly helped by Browder v. Gayle in 1956, which ruled the bus segregation in Montgomery unconstitutional, and Boyton v. Virginia in 1960, which extended this ruling to waiting rooms and restaurants. According to Willoughby and Paterson, the ‘clear-cut decision’ came ‘in the knick-of time'10 for the protest movement, which might not have succeeded without the ruling by the court. Even here, however, the court was unable to enforce the actions. One observer recalled a ‘bus station ... still rigorously segregated’11, in 1966. These examples show the Supreme Court as advancing the Civil Rights by passing favourable and motivating rulings, but it certainly fell short when it came to enforcing them. Taking everything into account, the Supreme Court was a force for change, but not without fault, in the later 20th century.

The court also referred to its 1955 decision in “Naim v. Naim” as stating the reasons supporting the validity of the anti-miscegenation laws. In Naim, the state court concluded that the State's legitimate purposes were "to preserve the racial integrity of its citizens," and to prevent "the corruption of blood," "a mongrel breed of citizens," and "the obliteration of racial pride," obviously an endorsement of the doctrine of White Supremacy. The court also reasoned that marriage has traditionally been subject to state regulation without federal intervention, and consequently, the regulation of marriage should be left to exclusive state control by the Tenth Amendment.

The Charles C. Green v County School Board of New Kent County decision of 1968 was a pivotal point in the history of the civil rights movement. It was the court case that finally forced school boards across the country to desegregate their public schools. This did not happen until over a decade after Brown v. Board had deemed segregation unconstitutional and Brown II had sought to abolish it and overturn the “separate but equal” decision of Plessy v. Ferguson. The goal of this paper is to tell the story of how the state of Virginia moved through Brown I, Brown II, and Green v. New Kent County to put an end to segregation in schools.

The United States Supreme Court was, and still is today, the important backbone of America’s judicial system. This court deals with numerous cases throughout the year and keeps the country and government fair with its decisions. However, being responsible for giving justice where it is due, the Court is sometimes faced with hard choices that will make a lasting impression on the U.S. and its people. In the case of Loving v. Virginia, it did just that. As a Supreme Court landmark case, Loving v. Virginia definitely indicated a critical moment of change in civil rights for America and interracial couples everywhere.

the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any

The Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia (1967) resulted in the striking down of state laws that prohibited whites and African Americans from marrying. Mildred Loving, one of the parties in the case, issued a statement on the fortieth-anniversary of her case in which she urged that same-sex couples be allowed to marry.

The first act I will discuss is that of Brown vs. the Board of Education. In Topeka, Kansas in the 1950s, schools were segregated by race. This particular case took on segregation within school systems, or the separation of white and black students within public schools. Up until this case, many states had laws establishing separate schools for white students and another for black students. This landmark case made those laws

The victory that led to school desegregation in 1954 came with its gimmicks. Although everyone saw the best in the enforcement of the law, only some saw its flaws. Just because blacks were

The Civil Rights Movement’s influence has been extensive and enduring. It has transformed the American culture and society up until this present day. Even though racism has not disappeared, there is far less tolerance for racist attitudes and behavior than before the 1960s. It has occupied a large part of the American history and is still a very controversial subject today. The goal of the Civil Rights Movement was to end racial segregation and discrimination against the African Americans or as were called at that time “Negros”. African Americans also sought for federal protection of their citizenship rights and to grant them equal protection under the 13th and 14th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. Below are three of the landmark cases heard

A debate in civil rights history appeared in the decades following the well-publicized struggles of the early 1960s and continues today. This debate is of whether the movement was finished with its goals when it attained equal treatment under the law, or whether it had changed to a new goal of fighting all forms of discrimination, not just the formal version found in Jim Crow.

The key holding of the Court was that, even if segregated black and white schools were of equal quality in facilities and teachers, segregation by itself was harmful to black students and unconstitutional.

Brown v. Board of Education case(1954), and Loving v. Virginia case(1967). The significance that all

There has been a long struggle for the equality of races built from blatant racism and the belief that one race is superior over the other. In some events there has been concern over constitutional rights being ignored creating inequality favoring whites over blacks. The Supreme Court Case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 and Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 both dealt with black American citizens who felt discriminated against based on their race. Plessy v. Ferguson had determined that “separate but equal” was fair, but Brown v. Board challenged the previous ruling on racial equality and decided separate could never be equal.

As it neared one hundred years after the onset of the interstate conflict which centered around slavery’s place in the United States, black citizens were still deprived of the rights guaranteed to all Americans by the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment, prompting the premier civil rights organization, the NAACP, to seek equality through the most logical method, overruling the legal base of the institution. The Brown v. Board ruling in 1954 seemed to be the death knell of segregation wrought by the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case. Unfortunately the movement of mass resistance proved to be able to out-maneuver law, particularly in the south, thanks to segregationist majorities holding legislative, executive, and law enforcing power. To force the judicially mandated desegregation on reluctant southern states the NAACP focused on universities, as they

The beginning of the Civil Rights Movement started from an attempt to gain equality within the public school system for people of color. The education an African American child received was underfunded and lacked basic resources. In his article, “Segregation, Northern Style”, Fred Powledge writes, “In practical terms, it means older, more run-down, and more crowded schools buildings, less experienced teachers, more tattered textbooks…” (10). The standards for segregated schools were not equal, as was legally required by the 1876 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson. In the Supreme Court ruling, schools could be “separate”, but had to be “equal” in