Design Of A Machine For Polishing Parts Produced By Selective Laser Melting

Figure ‎3 13 : A photo and SEM micrographs of flank face; (a) a photo of flank face and tool wear region (b) SEM micrograph of flank face; a micro fracture is shown (c) highly magnified flank face shows some holes and scratches probably caused by TiC particles and a smooth adhered layer which has covered the scratches and grooves. It can be seen that the sharp cutting edge of an unused tool has been chamfered after 1 second of machining and has left a sheared surface at the wear land.

The optimal parameters that yield minimum surface roughness, minimum roundness error and maximum material removal rate are predicted based on genetic algorithm using MAT lab. The developed empirical models given as Equation 3, 4 and 5 are used as the fitness functions for determining the material removal rate, roundness and surface roughness value of each new individual. The optimization was run for a 1000 number of iterations with a population size of 100. The GA operators used in this search process are:

To avoid steps between the different levels, the edges will be rounded. Therefore a minimal resolution of five microns is valid for the cut mark measurements, although the software allows measurements till to decimals because of its logarithm to calculate the surface. In this dissertation, all measurements are fully specified. However, a less accuracy of values less than five microns must not be forgotten. Higher resolutions till one micrometre are also possible, but the number of scanned levels is restricted. Therefore it is possible to analyse fine cut marks in a higher resolution, but in this case, cuts were up to 1 mm deep and a smaller resolution is sufficient. Using this resolution, the ends of cuts, which are very flat, were excluded because their size is approximately under 15 microns and therefore inaccuracies in measurement increase, which might influence the

We provide world class service for powder coating of any surface by providing it an excellent color perfection and a brighter and smoother surface. Our powder coated surface shines brighter than all kinds of liquid paints and not only this, they last for a much longer duration.

In the etching business there are three primary techniques that are commonly used, one of them is surface etching. This etching process is fairly obvious; it is named surface etching because only the surface is being etched. In addition etching is done in one stage of blasting, which means that the designs are only black and white. This method allows unetched components to be etched. Carlos Bautista manager of etching company believes that a surface etching is the easiest etching method. This technique is very easy to learn since it’s not complicated, unlike the carving and shading techniques that are very complex.

Finally, the author argues that the rapid improvement of 3D Printing and the increasing convenience for individuals to produce things with it is both a major concern and a tremendous

This essay will convey in depth the definition of 3D printing and how it operates. It will also show some examples of different types of 3D printing as well as show us how it can be useful in the industry of business, professional, education and home time. 3D printing can bring some advantages as well as disadvantages not only to business but also to its employees. Printing this way will become more common as time goes by and can help the industry limit on human error.

For example, joining of common metals like aluminium, magnesium and copper material for tool used is hot work tool steels such as H13 subsequently hardened as it has got high thermal fatigue resistance, wear resistance and toughness. In the same way, following table shows the commonly used tool materials for various base metals and thickness.

There are several different case hardening techniques used in the manufacturing industry. The different methods determine which physical properties, (such as surface hardness, strength, ductility, case depth and wear resistance) the component gets. This can be done by altering temperatures, heat source, time period, and quench media.

CNC machining it works particularly well for hard, relatively brittle materials like steels and other metal alloys to produce high accuracy parts with well-defined properties and normally be more homogeneous and predictable in quality.

In the present study, the process parameter which affect the surface finish while machining are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. In order to meet the requirement in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness, the Taguchi parameter design methodology was used. It included the selection of quality characteristics, selection of process parameters, selection of orthogonal array

Deterministic grinding process development for metal bonded diamond grinding wheels through patterned grinding wheel by utilizing micro EDM comprises four main investigation on: (1) material removal mechanism considering interaction between diamond grains, workpiece, metal bond and electrical spark, (2) effective pattern geometry design for effective material removal and grinding performance, (3) application of micro EDM to create the pattern on the metal bonded grinding wheel, (4) analysing the grinding performance on hard materials such as Inconel and carbide. We believe that knowledge obtained in these four subjects through journal publications and conference/seminar will benefit academics in the field of manufacturing technology, surface science and materials engineering. Especially, establishing a FEM/SPH model which can present different material removal phases, rubbing, ploughing, and cutting during grinding and mechanical interaction between abrasive grains, metal bond, and workpiece will benefit the researcher in the field of micromachining by providing advanced understanding on metal cutting mechanism at micro scale for hard materials. Because grinding has the most complex cutting mechanism among other machining processes, detailed understanding of this certainly will help to comprehend other machining processes cutting mechanism easily. Application of micro EDM to dress the metal bonded diamond wheels will show how electrical discharge energy is controlled to

CNC Vertical End Milling Machining is a widely accepted material removal process used to manufacture components with complicated shapes and profiles. During the End milling process, the material is removed by the end mill cutter. The quality of the surface plays a very important role in the performance of milling as a good-quality milled surface significantly improves fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, or creep life. The surface generated during milling is affected by different factors such as vibration, spindle run–out, temperature, tool geometry, feed, cross-feed, tool path and other parameters. During finish milling, the depth of cut is small. The most important interactions, that effect surface roughness of machined surfaces, are between the cutting feed and depth of cut, and between cutting feed and spindle speed. Surface Roughness is affected negatively if the applied force is increased. Surface roughness at the same feed rate becomes higher when a small nose radius is used. Technological parameter range plays a very important role on surface roughness. There is a need of a tool that should allow the evaluation of the surface roughness before the machining of the part and which, at the same time, can easily be used in the production-floor environment contributing to the minimization of

Surface roughness has become the most significant functional requirement and it is an index of the product quality. In order to increase the efficiency of hard to machine alloys like titanium and nickel alloys, an Electro Chemical Honing (ECH) process has been employed to achieve highest material removal rate with the best surface qualities. This extended abstract describes the design and fabrication of an indigenously developed tooling setup for ECH of external cylindrical surfaces of Titanium alloys (TI 6AL 4V) and also highlights the key process parameters and their affect on ECH process. The influence of the machining parameters on the surface finish has been investigated and optimized the process parameters for improving the surface roughness is also evaluated. Percentage improvements in surface roughness values Ra and other parameters like electrolyte temperature, composition and concentration were studied while changing the processing time (PT). And also the study of surface characteristics of micro and macro level and micro hardness too examined.

For the treated feature to be round, an axisymmetric 2D model was constructed to simulate the LSWP process. The model comprised CAX4R elements (Continuum, Axisymmetric, 4 nodes, Reduced integration), with a BIAS function in x-direction and z-direction to allow a denser mesh near the micro-feature. The element size and quantity are shown in Fig. 3. The element quantity of the model was 32856. A convergence study was also conducted. The element quantity of the contrastive models was 79200 and 472480. The results show that the maximum residual stress error is <2.16%, and the maximum displacement error was <1.78%, indicating that the results of this study were convergent. To remove the effect of the reflective shock wave, infinite elements were used at the bottom and the edge of the model (as shown in Fig. 3) [7–9]. The contacting foil is also meshed.