Design Of A Smart Blind Stick

Deaf-blind can also use a screen Braille communicator, a small portable device that enables them to communicate with sighted people. Alternate communication is print on palm, the person communicating with the deaf-blind person prints large block letters on the other persons hand. Each letter is written in the same location on the persons hand. This is a way for the deaf-blind to communicate with the public.

In his memoir, Planet of the Blind, Stephen Kuusisto details his experience of living with a disability of sight, including his initial denial of his legally blind status. His tiring work at passing and his parents’ own denial and support of his refusal to be openly blind both stem from and reflect views of society at large. Members of Kuusisto’s life, just like many people today, ignore blindness and the challenges those with visual impairments have and continue to face. It’s not until he’s struggled for years pretending to see that he fully accepts his legal blindness and begins using a cane and a guide dog.

According to the Oxford Dictionary, the definition of blind is “unable to see; sightless” (Definition of Blind in English, 2015). However, I do not like to be put in such a box. I define blindness as merely a heightening of other senses. What do you think of when you hear the word sight? More than likely you think of shapes, colors, and objects. My idea of sight consists of many senses; smell, touch, sounds, those are the things that I “see” with. How about the word blind; what do you think of then? The most common relation to the word blind is disabled; however, we are a very abled people. Even though I carry a cane among my person I get through my daily life just as any other able-bodied human being (Question 1).

More specifically, a sensor is "a device that responds to phenomena, such as light, pressure, or heat, and generates a signal that can be measured or interpreted" [16]. The sensor network community often defines a sensor node as a wireless device which is small, capable of responding to one or several stimuli, processing the data and transmitting the information over a short distance using a radio link. Sensor nodes contain electronic circuits for minimizing power consumption [17]. Sensors are for measuring sound, light and temperature that is typically thought. However, sensors can measure other variables, such as vibrations or electromagnetic fields [18]. Sensor transmits values wirelessly to one or several BSs

It works by being attached on the outside of a person’s skull and it detects neural and electrical brainwaves (Regalado,). This can be great for paralyzed people because it can actually send out electrical signals to nearby things like a wheelchair, tv, a prosthetic arm/leg, etc., making their lives 10x easier (Regalado,). In theory, this could actually be implanted inside of the skull on the brain, learn the brain’s patterns unique, and send the electrical signals throughout the body and make a paralyzed person walk again (James). Also, if one was born blind it could actually send the electrical signals directly to the eyes and would allow one to actually see for the first time (James,). The applications for this technology is

The shutter speed and the sensor chip are the primary controls for adjusting the amount of light that enters the camera.

What the deaf-blind use to communicate with each other or with other people depends on the extent of their vision and hearing loss, their educational backgrounds and what opportunities were open to them (“American Association,” 2009). Some of the methods used include tactile sign language, which is when the deaf-blind person places their hand on the signer’s hand to follow the shape and movement of the hands to understand what is being said. Face-to-face communication devices are used as well, those include a screen braille communicator, a teletypewriter that sits on a braille keyboard, a Captel that is a telephone that is connected to the computer that will caption what the caller is saying and display it on the screen (“American Association,” 2009). These inventions have helped the deaf-blind communicate so much easier, but a look at these inventions and they are large in size, they can’t be carried around as easily as a smart phone, and they sometimes can be expensive to own. On the other hand the success of videophone technology proves that it that there can be a simpler, more face-to-face, less expensive communication. Even though face-to-face communication is easily accessible to anyone who has a smartphone, those who are deaf-blind have vision loss that does not allow them to see such small

This is a well written article by a visually challenged author, Mindy Hartman. In this article she covers the tools used by the blind to similar to the one we generally use in our day today lives to surf the web, email, keep a list of my contacts, find and read books, take down notes, etc. A lap top with a screen reader. She also mentions another device, Apex which has now become an important part of her day to day life. An apex is a very powerful, portable, handy notetaker which comes with an in-built Braille display.

Electronic Senor (Charged Coupling Device): replaces film, by storing photos onto a reusable memory card

What I learned about the sense sight is, that the brain uses sets of neurons to decipher images. The neurons used by the brain are called Visual Maps. One visual map is receptive to color and form, while another visual map is only receptive to motion or movement. Another interesting fact that I got from the article was, that there are small cells in the back of the eyeballs called cones. Cones enable the ability for one to see colors. Damage, or mutations in Cone Cells can cause one to be colorblind.

Sensing unit: It is composed of a collection of different types of sensor which is needed for measurement of different phenomenon of the physical environment. Sensors are selected based on their application. Sensor’s outcome is an electric signal which is normally analogue. Therefore, an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to transform the signal to digital to communicate with the microcontroller.

Majority of visually impaired individuals are dependent on someone to help them with their daily activity so the need to create a better and safer mobility system is crucial. The constant fear of colliding with obstacles prevents majority of visually impaired from step out of their comfort zone. The need to invent a better walking cane brought about the creation of smart canes with vibrators, sensors and a greater obstacle detection range. It also comes with a beeper but the vibration is more effective as even those who are blind and deaf can also use the device. The Vibrations in the device are provided by the sensors and based on the strength of the vibration; the users are able to recognize that he/she

The main point of my work is to build up a programmed wheelchair that could push ahead, in reverse, left, right with snag recognition in its way. The general structure of this work is to give immense support to physically disabled individual who can't explore from their places. A wheelchair comprises of accelerometer sensor as detecting component, a microcontroller unit a basic leadership gadget and engines to explore the wheelchair. By tilting accelerometer sensor wheelchair can be moved in four headings. The wheelchair is connected with IR sensors to deterrent discovery. Obstruction in the way is dictated by wheelchair and wheelchair will stop naturally. In biomedical field, a wheel-chair for a crippled person is a critical gadget to help

A dim light scene enters the lens at the front. The light is made of photons. An image intensifier night vision device is an optical device that does exactly what you would think from the name. It takes available light and intensifies it.

RECEIVER SECTION:- This section is worked as a Flip-flop (Bistable). IC-3 is decade counter, its Pin No.14 is input and Pin No. 2 output. The output of frequency detector stage is used, via a flip-flop, to switch ‘ON’ or switch ‘OFF’ a LED alternately. The receiver uses infrared modules IR-signal from the transmitter is sensed by the sensor through and its output PIN 1 goes low and switched LED. IC-3 is worked on clock pulse which receives to infrared modules at Pin No. 14. Its output at Pin No 2 throughes high.