Design Techniques For Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

Malaysia viewer knew that when raining fade it would be a big problem for subscribers as the signal is not stable and we could not watch the TV shows. The free-to-air channels are fed through the Astro decoder. When service is disrupted owing to rain fade, even these channels will not be available to the viewers. Rain Fade has been a frequent complaint of subscribers. In 2008, Astro was assuring subscribers that after the migration from MEASAT 2 Satelite to MEASAT 3, this problem would be reduced by 30%, but there seems to be no such improvement.

MONOSTATIC RADAR When we use single antenna for both transmission and reception purpose such a radar called as monostatic radar. BISTATIC RADAR If two separates antennas are used for transmission and reception , then such a radar is called as bistatic radar. 16

An I-molded microstrip line is utilized to energize the square opening. The turned square opening is inserted amidst the ground plane, and its slanting focuses are embedded amidst the strip line and ground plane. To build the increase, four L-formed openings are scratched in the ground plane. The deliberate outcomes demonstrate that the proposed structure holds a wide impedance data transfer capacity of 88.07%, which is 20%better than the reference recieving wire. The normal pick up is likewise expanded, which is around 4.17 dBi with a steady radiation design in the whole working band. [13].

When selecting an antenna, both the width of the area to be covered and the distance of each link must be considered. These considerations will then determine the type of antenna to use, based on each antenna's signal pattern. Every antenna has a pattern to the signal. This pattern applies both to sending and receiving. By convention, the radiation line used to draw this pattern is placed wherever the power radiating out drops to one half of the power at the antenna surface.

I am dedicating this project to my parents whom I love very much. Thank you for all the encouragement, affection, prayers, and warmth, moral and financial support which you have given me throughout my studies to make me overcome the challenges and achieve my target successfully.

The simplest antenna technology is SISO. In some environments, this system is vulnerable to problems caused by multipath effects. When an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstructions such as hills, buildings, utility wires, and canyons the wavefronts are scattered, and thus it take multi paths to reach the destination. Fading, cut-out (cliff effect), and intermittent reception (picket fencing) are the problems caused by late arrival of scattered portion of signals. In a digital communications system, it cause a reduction of data speed and number of errors is increased.

A Method for Efficiency Enhancement and Size Miniaturization in the design of UWB Planar Antennas

As we all know, Selection of antenna is very important in designing of successful rectenna because antenna is responsible for how much power is received by the circuitry following after the antenna. This chapter describes the theory of antenna and its property, design process, simulations and fabrication of an Microsrip antenna that operates within the microwave frequency range. First we start with a brief explanation of the main design parameters of an antenna then we briefly explain the advantages of using microstrip antennas in these applications [4-18]. Also a brief introduction of the software used for the design and simulations stages. Then we will explain how making some changes to the shape of the ground plane and the radiating patch of the antenna can improve the performance. After all the parametric simulations a final antenna version was chosen and subsequently built.

Wi-Fi (ieee-802.11b) and Wi-Max (ieee-802.16e) have captured our attention. As there are no recent developments which transfer data at faster rate as video information transfer taking lot of time. This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate (Gbps), less power consumption and low cost for short range transmissions.

A microstrip antenna consists of conducting patch and a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. This concept was undeveloped until the revolution in electronic circuit miniaturization and large-scale integration in 1970. The early work of Munson on microstrip antennas for use as a low profile flush mounted antennas on rockets and missiles showed that this was a practical concept for use in many antenna system problems. Various mathematical models were developed for this antenna and its applications were extended to many other fields. The number of papers, articles published in the journals for the last ten years. The microstrip antennas are the present day antenna designer,s choice. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. A microstrip antenna is characterized by its length, width, input impedance, gain and radiation patterns. Various parameters, related calculation and feeding technique will be discussed further through this chapter. The length of the antenna is about half wavelength of its operational frequency. The length of the patch is very critical and important that result to the frequency radiated.

The concept of MSAs was first proposed by Deschamps in 1953. A patent were issued in France in 1955 in the names of Gutton and Baissinor. After the 1970, the research publications started to flow within the appearances of the first design equation. Since the, different authors started investigation on microstrip patch antennas like James hall, David M. Pozars and there are also some who contributed a lot. Throughout the years, the authors has dedicated there investigations to create a new designs or variations to the original antenna that, to some extent; produce either the wider bandwidth or the multiple frequency operation with in a single element. However most of these innovations bear some disadvantages related to size, height,width or overall volume of the single element and the improvement in the bandwidth suffers usually from degradation the other characteristics.

Microstrip Patch Antenna has radiation patterns that can be simply calculated. The source of the radiation of the electric field at the gap of the edge of the Microstrip element and the ground plane is main factor to the accurate calculation of the pattern for the patch antenna.

CIRCULAR PATCH- ANDREA ALU et al[2[Only fundamental mode can be excited in such a wavelength rectangular cavity, providing out of phase radiation from radiating edge of patch. A sub wavelength resonance tuned at desired frequency while gain of radiator is expected to be very poor. The parallel plate cavity showed analogus limitation there are no degree of freedom in selecting the desired operating mode in sub wavelength regime of operation. A circular patch antenna loaded by a grounded inhomogeneous substrate with thickness h ,consisting of a planar layer with permittivity and permeability ε1(w).µ1(w)with a core ring with permittivity and permeability ε2(w).µ2(w).The quantity η represent the filling ratio of volume underneath the patch.

Communication of data between tags and a reader is by wireless communication. Two methods distinguish and categories RFID systems, one based upon close proximity electromagnetic or inductive coupling and one based upon propagating

The High Frequency (HF) radio band is defined as the range of frequencies in the radio spectrum between 3 and 30 megahertz . Military organizations have used HF radios for both strategic and tactical communications for more than 80 years. However with the development of satellite communications (SatCom) use of HF communication were de-emphasized and fell in to disuse. In contrast to this importance of HF communication still existing for military applications. The militaries around the world must have a robust long range communication system that does not rely on existing communication infrastructure in emergencies, since the satellite comms and other comms infrastructure will present most lucrative targets for the enemy.