Design and Construction Method for Deep Tubewells Considering Different Hydrological Parameters

According to the Ministry of Water And Electricity 2014 annual report, Saudi Arabia’s groundwater and dams are only composes 40% of their water supply. Saudi Arabia’s civilization is located in a hot, arid climate. For years they have had trouble developing their country by advancing their agriculture to improve and sustain their economy. Consequently they now are facing a severe lack of water Saudi Arabia con only “provide 76 cubic meters about 20,000 gallons per person per year, far below the generally accepted 500 cubic meters per person per year of absolute scarcity.”() But with ineffective use of water, 80% of the freshwater they have is used for agriculture, industry and daily consumption each year. With so little water, this country is in a predicament and needs to find a new method to desalinate water and improve its effectiveness. However, methods like hoarding other countries resources have caused a negative side effect to the citizens of these affected states, putting at risk there resources, money, and lifestyle. There new methods are having negative consequences towards others. The way Saudi Arabia has been approaching water scarcity, will not administer the response they were looking for and solve the lack of water that is crucial in the development of their civilization.

Introduction: Bangladesh is one of developing countries of south-east Asia. It is visited by different natural calamities almost every year. Our fate is that we have to survive by fighting against reoccurring natural calamities. Ours is a life of great challenge indeed.

Water is used in varied resources on a mining site. We can reduce the water amount by redirecting surface water and pumping groundwater. This will change as mining sites can reduce the quantity and quality of the water that is available downstream for marine ecosystems and different business water users principally in places with dry climates.

As the days are becoming hotter, and as our water supply is decreasing, it is becoming more relevant than ever before to increase the water inventory for the agricultural industry. With the damming of the Hetchy-Hetchy river, it will limit our already low supply and output of crop, which is the lead export of sustenance in the nation.

Sourcing and pumping water from underneath the earth requires extraordinary aptitude and the utilization of cutting edge gear. Amid old times, water was sourced starting from the earliest stage a shaduf, or swipe. It is a long wooden lever that rotated on two upright posts situated in the riverbank.

Measure and map the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface/groundwater interactions, to determine both the short and long-term sustainable yield of non-saline groundwater in the Lower Athabasca’s groundwater management areas. Set legal requirements to implement and enforce the sustainable yield of

Ans: Simply because the oil in the region is vast doesn’t help with the lack of natural water ways in the region. The technology industry are look at new methods to use the oceans and other surrounding water pliable for drinking.

India is a developing country. The illiteracy rate there is comparatively high. Also water has been a main concern there. Even though the rate of urbanization in India is among the lowest in the world, the nation has more than 250 million city-dwellers. Experts predict that this number will rise even further, and by 2020, about 50 per cent of India's population will be living in cities. This is going to put further pressure on the already strained centralized water supply systems of urban areas. (http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/Urbanwater-scenario.htm) According to Central Public Health Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) estimates, as on 31 March 2000, 88 per cent of urban population has access to a potable water supply. But this supply is highly erratic and unreliable. Transmission and distribution networks are old and poorly maintained, and generally not trustworthy. The proper conservation of the water is one of the crises that need to be solved immediately else serious consequences may follow. Rain water harvesting in this prospect seems a very

Nepal is the world’s second richest water country after Brazil because we have one of the biggest mountains where the water comes from. Due to the climate change and the heat, the big mountains melt down more than it has to and so people who stay close to the mountains have to suffer from floods which kill thousands of people. In many other places in Nepal, there are lots of lakes and rivers which dry up. Nepal doesn’t suffer from scarcity of water sources much but instead suffers from lack of electricity as there isn’t much hydropower equipment to transform water into electricity. Most of the days there are 14 hours of power cuts every day.

The environment is known for having little or no rain and affects where the people live. Most places have some rain; however, aridity rises and rain falls at random. Therefore, majority of the fresh water comes from the lakes and rain. The authors state, “The fresh water that is available comes from rain or from rivers, lakes…” (Roudi-Fahimi, Creel, and Souza). Rivers are rare in the dry climatic environment of Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa. Therefore, the main water source is the stream in the nearby mountains or harvesting rainwater outside the area.

The challenge results from the fact that ground-water pumping can affect all interconnected surface- water bodies and the effects may be immeasurably small relative to surface water discharge and greatly attenuated in time. Although we may possess the ability to calculate the effects of ground-water pumping

Most of the countries in the world use coal, natural gas, nuclear reaction, hydroelectric and other fuel which are not eco-friendly. Bangladesh, being a third world country doesn’t have that many resources to generate enough electricity for its every citizen. As many of the villages do not

As conclusions of the, the purposes of this report is to descibe and investigate different feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to particular continent, specifically Australia.As a fact, Australia is the driest country in the world. Annual precipitation falls in Australia less than in Africa repeatedly. In the hot season the rivers and lakes dry up, and on the continent there is a shortage of water. As water sources Australians use some large rivers and lakes, perennial summer and well. Groundwater is of great economic importance for agriculture in this country.

provide and expand the coverage of clean and treated water in order to enhance a good quality of life in rural areas. Systems such as gravity flow, tube well and rainwater harvesting were also implemented.

Bangladesh is one of the largest deltas in the world which is highly Penetrable to Natural Disasters because of its Geographical location, Flat and low-lying landscape, Poverty, Population density, Illiteracy, Lack of Institutional setup etc. Similarly the Physical, Social as well as Economic states of Bangladesh are very typical to any of the most Penetrable countries to Natural Disasters in the world . The total land area is 147,570 sq. km. consists mostly of Floodplains (almost 80%) leaving major part of the country (with the exception of the north-western highlands) prone to flooding in the rainy season. Moreover, the adverse affects of Climate Change – especially High Temperature, Cyclones and Sea-level Rise, Storm Surges, Salinity Intrusion, Heavy Monsoon Downpours etc. has aggravated the overall Economic Development scenario of the country to a great extent.