Determination of Specific Heat

Purpose/ Research Question: Determine the specific heat capacity of two unknown metals. Find two Ionic compounds out of the several given chemicals that would synthesize in the product of the most effective hand warmer. Hypothesis: For both metals one and two, we can calculate the specific heat capacity within five percent error. The ideal hand warmer for cost, toxicity, and heat given off would include 5.0 g Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) and 10 mL of deionized water.

In this lab we are measuring the amount of energy that is contained in various snack foods. This is usually listed in the nutrition label on the back of any contained foods as a Calorie. Its listed as the amount of Calories in a product per serving. One Calorie is equal to 4,184 Joules. Joules is a measure of heat energy. We will also need to know what specific heat is. It is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Table 2: Summary of data collected on concentration of mercury in surface water samples of Onondaga Lake in 1992 (NYSDEC/TAMS, 2002)

After a further analysis of the results it has been seen that the averages of the results have proven the hypothesis to be correct. Hence the constructed calorimeter has been more efficient in reducing the enthalpy number upon burning ethanol compared to the copper calorimeters that have been previously used. Its has become known that due to more heat being absorbed the enthalpy number has significantly been improved by almost 10%.

Figure 1 shows that the steepest line is the 10 minutes’ line. Since the steeper the line , the faster the rate of change, one can conclude that in the first ten minute interval, the rate of change was the fastest , which means that in those 10 minutes Osmosis was the fastest. The reason for this could be that during osmosis water is diffused through a selectively permeable membrane, from a region od higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. So once the dialysis bags were immersed in the water, water entered the dialysis bag faster than any other time interval.

There is a heat loss of 100,000 kcal involved on the basis of 1000 kg of steel

Copper with atomic no.29 and atomic weight 63.546 amu is a chemical element presents in d block elements with electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d10 4s1. From the Latin word for Cyprus "Cuprum", the word copper is derived.almost there are 29 isotopes of copper. After gold and iron copper is known as the third element used by human .minerals of copper are cuprite, malachite, and azurite. Brass, bronze and cupronickle are an alloy of copper with other elements.Copper is an excellent electrical and thermal conducter and has also excellent corrosion resistance. It’s a ductile and malleable metal.copper has excellent workability as it can be molded without cracking. . Copper is used in coins and is also present in TVs, electrical wirings, dryers

The purpose of this experiment was to calculate the specific heat of an unknown object. To perform this experiment one must use a calorimeter to measure the heat transferred from a metal object, of known mass, to a known mass of water by measuring the temperature change. First one must apply heat to unknown object, then put object into water (record temperature of water before inserting object) and record the heat being released from object to find change in temperature. The purpose is to find specific heat, which is the amount of heat (J) applied to unknown object, then divide by mass (g) multiplied by change in temperature. Done correctly you should concluded specific heat to be: 0.456 J/g Celsius. The unknown object base on specific heat

If we heat soil and water for 10 min and let them cool for 10 min, the soil will heat rapidly and cool slowly, because dark colors absorb a lot of heat. When we heated the materials up, the temperature difference for soil was 6.1 degrees Celsius. The temperature difference for water was 2.4 degrees Celsius. When we let the materials cool for 10 min, the difference in temperature for soil was 3.4 degrees Celsius. The difference in temperature for the water was 0.9 degrees Celsius. My hypothesis was partially correct. While the temperature of the soil increased quickly, the temperature of the soil cooled cooled quicker than the water.

the element copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu. it is a very high thermal metal and its atomic number is 29. its atomic weight is 63.546, its melting point is 1357.77k, its boiling point is2835k, and its density is 8.933 grams per cubic centimeter. The components of an atom are made up from protons, electrons, and neutrons. they are arranged from highest relative charge to lowest just like this: proton +1, neutron 0, electron -1. There are 29 electrons in the copper atom. there are 29 electrons in the copper atoms because the electrons are arranged in multiple layers called layers. electrons are distributed into different shells.the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 energy level has the lowest energy. the second shell can hold

As a metal was being heated, the temperature was changing by increasing the heat capacity. The change of the temperature depended on how much heat was supplied to the metal and the mass, which could make a difference based on the object being heated. With that said, the purpose of this experiment, which covered the concepts of heat and calorimeter, was to measure the specific heat of a metal and to compare the experimental result to the theoretical value of same metal.

More thought could’ve been done when first conducting the experiment. A strategy that could have been implemented could have been the installation of insulation to the copper tin to reduce the amount of heat that escapes.

For example, copper is a good heat conductor whereas stainless steel is not. So we should consider the heat conduction capacity of the cookware set.

The temperature-time plot gotten by applying a lumped-parameter analysis (Equation 6) to the Aluminum cylinder was compared to the plot obtained from the thermocouple located closest to center of the cylinder. This thermocouple is chosen for comparison because it is located farthest from the heating source and will have a temperature history that differs most from an ideal lumped system. With this thermocouple, we should therefore obtain the maximum error associated with applying a

The figure 2.1 (a) is a 2D representation of the actual system.It is composed by a copper