Determination of the Activation Energy of an Enzyme Catalysed Reaction

In this lab or experiment, the aim was to determine the following factors of enzymes: (1) the effects of enzymes concentration the catalytic rate or the rate of the reaction, (2) the effects of pH on a particular enzyme, an enzyme known and referred throughout this experiment as ALP (alkaline phosphate enzyme) and lastly (3) the effects of various temperatures on the reaction or catalytic rate. Throughout the experiment 8 separate cuvettes and tubes are mixed with various solutions (labeled as tables 1,3 & 4 in the apparatus/materials sections of the lab) and tested for the effects of the factors mentioned above (concentration, pH and temperature). The tubes labeled 1-4 are tested for pH with pH paper and by spectrophotometer, cuvettes 1a-4a was tested for concentration and cuvettes labeled 1b-4b was tested for temperature in four different atmospheric conditions (4ºC, 23ºC, 32ºC and 60ºC) to see how the enzyme solution was affected by the various conditions. After carrying out the procedures the results showed that the experiment followed the theory for the most part, which is that all the factors work best at its optimum level. So, the optimum pH that the enzymes reacted at was a pH of 7 (neutral), the optimum temperature that the reactions occurs with the enzymes is a temperature of 4ºC or

Enzymes are proteins produced by living organisms to speed up a chemical reaction in the body. Enzymes are important because they are needed to start chemical reactions and to break down harmful substances. Enzymes work by first binding to a specific substrate. They bind on the active site. They then form a complex and react.

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. To be more specific, the enzymes have a pocket called an active site where substrates, which are the reactants of the reaction, can bind to. Once they are bound, the complex is called an enzyme-substrate complex. The catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to products by stretching, stressing, and bending bonds to break them and make it easier to get to the transition state where the molecules can form new bonds. The amount of free energy needed to go forth with the reaction decreases, as a result.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction, which take place in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction.

What is an enzyme? An enzyme is a biological catalyst that can speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Typically the lower the activation energy the faster the reaction will be. It's made up of a plethora of different types of proteins that forms into a 3D like shape. Enzymes are very important to the human body, because it keeps the chemical activity that undergoes in our body at a low temperature.

Hope Spivey Gate City High School Block 4 Introduction Enzymes cause havoc and speed up reactions, but why exactly does this occur? Enzymes are biological molecules, proteins, that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

Enzymes are proteins that either speed up a chemical reaction without being used in a process in other words it is also catalyze (Jacklet 1998). They have different regions on its surface called an active site where it can recognize one or more molecules (Jacklet 1998). Enzymes are the main reason for living cells chemical reactions to stay alive (Jacklet 1998). Substrate chemically attracts the active site to bind and form short lived partnership the enzyme substrate complex (Jacklet 1998). When the reaction has occurred the substrate has

Molar absorption coefficient of PNP at borate pH 9.0 = 18,000 mol-1cm-1 = ε x l

In this experiment, the concentration of the enzyme catalase was manipulated in a reaction with hydrogen peroxide; the levels of oxygen gas produced from the reaction were recorded. Enzymes are efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions that speed up the pace of the reactions by offering an alternative pathway for reaction (“Enzymes”, n.d.). This alternative pathway or route occurs when the enzyme and the substrate form a reaction intermediate, which occurs due

A chemical reaction requires that bonds in the reactants be broken. The initial energy that must be absorbed in order to break the bonds of the reactant molecule is called the energy of activation. Enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. For example,

Enzymes are very specific in nature, which helps them in reactions. When an enzyme recognizes its specific substrate, the

Enzymes are natural catalysts that work from the ability to increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy of a reaction. (Blanco, Blanco 2017) An enzyme can do this 10^8- to 10^10 fold, sometimes even 10^15 fold. (Malacinsk, Freifelder 1998) The substrate will momentarily bind with the enzyme making the enzyme-substrate complex, of which the shape of the substrate is complimentary to the shape of the active site on the enzyme it is binding with. There are two main theories as to how an enzymes and substrates interact, the lock-and-key model and induced fit theory. The lock-and-key model suggests that the enzyme has a specific shape that fits the substrate and only that substrate. The induced fit theory says the active site and substrate are able to change shape or distort for the reaction to take place with (Cooper,

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.